Abstract: Disclosed is a method of denitrifying a solution including introducing into the solution an amount of a carbon source within a duration and at a frequency so that indigenous heterotrophic bacteria deplete dissolved oxygen in the solution and decompose oxygen from nitrate in the solution to obtain its combined oxygen. Related apparatuses and compounds also are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for associating a solution at an infinitely-variable level and/or flow rate with respect to an agent including an agent amount indicator that promotes agent-solution association adaptable for use in a chlorinator, or comparable component, of a fluid treatment plant. An embodiment configured according to the invention includes a chamber with an inlet and a vertically-inferior outlet. The level and flow of fluid in the chamber is regulated by a weir mounted on the outlet. Fluid in the chamber passes through an agent the retainer maintained in the chamber and washes over the agent, dissolving and depleting the agent. A magnetic follower on top of the agent urges the agent toward the bottom of the retainer. As the agent becomes depleted, the follower approaches the bottom of the retainer until it attains a predetermined distance from a sensor which activates a low-agent-supply alarm.

Abstract: A sewage treatment apparatus including a treatment tank with a floor and walls and having an upper aperture. A hopper having a clarifier chamber with upper and lower apertures is centrally disposed on hopper supports in the treatment tank, maintained at a predetermined height. A deflector cone is centrally disposed on the tank floor with its vertex received in the lower aperture of the hopper. The exterior of the hopper, the deflector cone and the interior walls of the treatment tank define an aerator chamber, subdivided into a plurality of aerator zones. Diffusers in each aerator zone introduce air into the aerator zones, inducing sewage to flow in a generally vertical orientation in the treatment tank. A cover mounted over the treatment tank aperture maintains a pressurized pocket of air above the sewage for increased oxygenation of the sewage. Treated sewage passes from the aerator zones into the clarifier chamber, then into the environment.

Abstract: A sewage treatment apparatus including a treatment tank with a floor, walls and having an upper aperture. A hopper having a clarifier chamber is centrally disposed in the treatment tank, maintained at a predetermined height above the treatment tank floor by hopper supports. A deflector cone is centrally disposed on the floor of the treatment tank, its vertex being received in the lower aperture of the hopper. The exterior of the hopper, the deflector cone and the inner walls of the treatment tank define an annular aerator chamber, subdivided into a plurality of aerator zones. Diffusers disposed in each aerator zone introduce oxygenation of and induce flow of sewage in the treatment tank. A cover mounted over the treatment tank aperture maintains a pressurized pocket of air above the sewage for increased oxygenation of the sewage. Treated sewage passes from the aerator zones into the clarifier chamber, then into the environment.

Abstract: A sewage or waste material treatment plant or apparatus includes adjacent aeration and clarifier chambers with an intermediate internal wall having a bottom opening normally providing the sole communication between the chambers. A deflector member in the upper portion of the aeration chamber in the path of incoming material, a deflector surface on the lower portion of the internal wall, together with a diffuser assembly, provides a substantially circular flow of fluid and solids to promote maximum suspension of solids and their oxidative or bacteriological breakdown. A specially configured deflector on the lower portion of the internal wall further directs the moving fluid in the aeration chamber so as to promote the circular movement of material therein and also to enhance the return of settled floc from the adjacent clarifier chamber back into the circulating stream in the aeration chamber.