Abstract: A method for measuring alpha particle emissions may include obtaining a wafer emission rate, wherein the wafer emission rate is measured with a counter. The method may further include covering the wafer with a metal mesh grounded to a cathode of the counter wherein the metal mesh is grounded to the cathode outboard of the wafer and obtaining a mesh and wafer emission rate, wherein the mesh and wafer emission rate is measured with the counter. The method may further include replacing the wafer with a wafer carcass, obtaining a wafer carcass and mesh emission rate, and calculating a wafer carcass emissivity.

Abstract: As shown in FIG. 1, there is a paint scraper 1, comprising support means 2 supporting a blade portion 3, the blade portion having a scraping edge 5 with undulations, the undulations being arranged to match corrugations of a sheet of corrugated iron; the scraper 1 being formed such that when it is in use the blade portion can be arranged against the sheet of corrugated iron such that the blade portion extends from the sheet in a substantially perpendicular fashion with the undulations of the scraping edge 5 aligned in complimentary fashion with undulations of the sheet, and wherein a substantial part of the scraping edge can then be scraped across the sheet to substantially effectively remove paint flakes or dirt from the sheet.

Abstract: As shown in FIG. 1, there is a paint scraper 1, comprising support means 2 supporting a blade portion 3, the blade portion having a scraping edge 5 with undulations, the undulations being arranged to match corrugations of a sheet of corrugated iron; the scraper 1 being formed such that when it is in use the blade portion can be arranged against the sheet of corrugated iron such that the blade portion extends from the sheet in a substantially perpendicular fashion with the undulations of the scraping edge 5 aligned in complimentary fashion with undulations of the sheet, and wherein a substantial part of the scraping edge can then be scraped across the sheet to substantially effectively remove paint flakes or dirt from the sheet.

Abstract: A toe ring base is provided, to be worn between two adjacent toes of the wearer, and capable of supporting one or more ornaments. In one embodiment the toe ring is formed of one piece of gold, silver, plastic, or the like, and it comprises a pair of arcuate-shaped open crescent-like members formed in back-to-back relationship and having a common inclined central portion adapted to fit between two adjacent toes of the wearer and to extend over the inclined web of flesh between the toes, the arcuate-shaped members further having upper and lower respective end portions shaped to extend partially around the respective toes. The central portion of the toe ring base has substantial width to prevent twisting of the ring base between the toes, and the upper end portions of the arcuate-shaped crescent-like members forming the ring base are positioned to the rear of the lower end portions and over the top surface of the toes and the foot immediately in back of the toes.