Abstract: A device is used in a chemical analysis of substances containing volatile components wherein the volatile component sought to be identified is volatilized off for reaction with a reagent to produce a color change or the like which indicates the presence of the volatile component.

Abstract: A process for carrying out highly endothermic chemical reactions wherein a reactive metal or a compound thereof is reacted with a source of carbon to form a carbon-containing derivative, preferably a carbide, in the presence of a molten metal. The sensible heat of the molten metal supplies the energy necessary for the reaction.

Abstract: A method for introducing ash-free solid carbon into a reaction vessel while under pressure or vacuum conditions and the conversion of said carbon to a metal carbide for the production of acetylene for use as such and as a precursor in the preparation of other organic compounds. The technique is also used for de-ashing and desulfurizing coal or char and is a method for extracting carbon from any charable substance, including wastes. It is, in addition, used as a method of exploiting the gases evolved from underground carbonaceous deposit fires.

Abstract: A method of producing benzene on a high yield basis is disclosed in which non-hdyrocarbon carbonaceous raw materials are reacted with an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in the form of molten metal, metallic hydroxide or metallic oxide to produce the metallic carbide; the metallic carbide is hydrolyzed to produce acetylene; and the acetylene is cyclized to benzene. Side reactions are controlled to maximize yields. Benzene may be used to extend gasoline.