Abstract: A device to adjust concentration of a first gas in a fluid to a target concentration (Cf) is provided. The device includes a container, having a first opening, the container is configured to receive a first volume (VL) of the fluid through the first opening.

Abstract: A device to adjust concentration of a first gas in a fluid to a target concentration (Cf) is provided. The device comprise a container, having a first opening, the container is configured to receive a first volume (VL) of the fluid through the first opening.

Abstract: A method to adjust gas concentration in a fluid and a device thereof is provided. The method includes configuring a container of a second volume (VC) to receive a first volume (VL) of the fluid into the container. The second volume (VC) of the container is determined based on an initial concentration (Ci) of the first gas in the fluid, a target concentration (Cf) of the first gas in the fluid, a partition coefficient (?) of the first gas, and the first volume (VL) of the fluid for obtaining the target concentration (Cf).

Abstract: A method to adjust gas concentration in a fluid and a device thereof is provided. The method comprises configuring a container of a second volume (VC) to receive a first volume (VL) of the fluid into the container. The second volume (VC) of the container is determined based on an initial concentration (Ci) of the first gas in the fluid, a target concentration (Cf) of the first gas in the fluid, a partition coefficient (?) of the first gas, and the first volume (VL) of the fluid for obtaining the target concentration (Cf).

Abstract: Analyzer apparatus for measuring amounts of a specific analyte dissolved in a liquid includes a measurement cavity block defining a measurement cavity and an analyte inlet in communication with the measurement cavity, an analyte sensor assembly selected to sense the specific analyte being affixed to the block in communication with the measurement cavity and sealing the measurement cavity from environment outside the measurement cavity, and a semipermeable membrane affixed to the measurement cavity block over the analyte inlet with the measurement cavity being sealed from environment outside the measurement cavity except for analyte entering the measurement cavity through the semipermeable membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a an economical method of efficiently oxygenating yeast slurry without bubble formation. The method employs a membrane oxygenator comprising at least one hydrophobic, microporous membrane having a gas side and a liquid side. The yeast slurry flows over the liquid side of the membrane; oxygen is delivered to the gas side of the membrane and passes through the pores to the yeast slurry.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with apparatus and methods for measuring package permeability and/or permeant sorption. The apparatus includes a housing defining an inner sealed chamber that is substantially impervious to a permeant of interest. The chamber has an inlet for introducing an inert medium substantially free of the permeant and an outlet for removing the inert medium. A sensor is positioned within the chamber and to provide signals indicative of permeant concentrations. A sealable opening is provided in the housing for introducing, within the chamber, packages to be measured for permeability and/or permeant sorption. In the method, testing of permeant concentrations is cycled to determine the slope of a time line between a low and a high concentration of the permeant. Humidity and temperature are preferably maintained constant within the chamber during testing.