Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of converting a carbon material to graphene, the method comprising the step of subjecting an amorphous carbon material pellet submerged in a molten inorganic material that comprises an alkaline earth halide to an electrochemical reaction in an inert atmosphere for a period of time, wherein the amorphous carbon material pellet is converted to a graphene pellet comprising graphene flakes by said reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating comprising a (i) boronic ester of Formula (I) disclosed herein, and (ii) an elastomer, wherein (i) and (ii) are cured with pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptoptopionate) (PTMP) and 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol (DODT).

Abstract: There is provided a structure which can be suitable for use with a pipeline. The pipeline can include a plurality of pipe sections. The structure can be shaped and dimensioned to couple at least two pipe sections. The structure can include a housing which can be shaped and dimensioned to carry at least one device. The device(s) can be capable of receiving at least one detection signal associated with the pipeline. The detection signal(s) can be communicated within at least a portion of the pipeline. Moreover, the detection signal(s) can be received by an analyzer for analysis to determine at least one defect associable with the pipeline.