Abstract: Nanoscale primary particles based on SiO2 or a mixed oxide of SiO2 and other metal oxides, especially Al2O3, are described. These have a mean particle size of 1 to 2000 nm (determined by the method of measuring the particle sizes with the Zetasizer NS apparatus (Nano Series)) as well as a negative charge and can advantageously be used for the hydrophilising coating of textile materials. A hydrophobic outer layer with improved alcohol and oil repellency in comparison to a textile material without a hydrophilic intermediate layer can optionally be formed here on the pretreated hydrophilic material. It is especially advantageous if the nanoscale primary particles are used for these purposes in statu nascendi in the reaction solution.