Abstract: A substrate processing method is provided. The substrate processing method comprises loading a substrate onto a substrate support inside a chamber, forming a plasma inside the chamber, providing a first DC pulse signal to an electromagnet that generates a magnetic field inside the chamber and processing the substrate with the plasma, wherein the first DC pulse signal is repeated at a first period including a first section and a second section subsequent to the first section, the first DC pulse signal has a first level during the first section, and the first DC pulse signal has a second level different from the first level during the second section.

Abstract: A tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPsigma)-Fc fusion protein comprises a PTPsigma-derived protein and an immunoglobulin (Ig)-derived Fc domain, which can inhibit the signal transduction of PTPsigma by blocking the interaction of the extracellular domain of PTPsigma with a ligand. The PTPsigma-Fc fusion protein inhibits PTPsigma-mediated signaling and as such, can promote the growth of blood stem cells, and can be used for preventing or treating PTPsigma-mediated diseases. Controlling the signal transduction of PTPsigma by utilizing interaction between proteins, the PTPsigma-Fc fusion protein can overcome the problems of conventional inhibitors targeting the active site of PTP. In addition, the solubility of the fusion protein in an aqueous solution can be improved by introducing a mutation thereinto, which makes it possible to apply a high dose to the treatment of the human body and animals.

Abstract: A stabilized Ace2 variant has a disulfide bond introduced by substituting cysteine for amino acid residue pairs at specific positions of the Ace2 protein, thereby having excellent stability. The stabilized Ace2 variant exhibits high binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 virus and excellent stability even in an aqueous solution condition. When the stabilized Ace2 variant is applied to a therapeutic agent for COVID-19, which is the SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease, the shelf stability, in-vivo stability, and therapeutic effect of the therapeutic agent may all be improved. In addition, since it uses the amino acid sequence derived from the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, it may effectively work even against various virus mutant strains.