Abstract: Provided is a solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof. The cell includes a back-contact electrode on a substrate, a light absorbing layer on the back-contact electrode, an anti-defect layer on the light absorbing layer, a buffer layer on the anti-defect layer, and an upper electrode on a buffer layer. The anti-defect layer may contain an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes first and second substrates, a first side sealing layer, a ground connecting part, a flexible film, a driving circuit substrate, and a backlight assembly. The first substrate includes sides extending in a first and a second direction. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate and is larger in the second direction. The second substrate includes a thin film transistor, a ground wiring and first to fourth side surfaces. The first side sealing layer is disposed on the fourth side surface. The ground connecting part is disposed on the second substrate and is electrically connected to the ground wiring and the first side sealing layer. The flexible film is connected to the second substrate. The driving circuit substrate is connected to the flexible film. The backlight assembly is disposed between the driving circuit substrate and the first substrate.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes first and second substrates, a first side sealing layer, a ground connecting part, a flexible film, a driving circuit substrate, and a backlight assembly. The first substrate includes sides extending in a first and a second direction. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate and is larger in the second direction. The second substrate includes a thin film transistor, a ground wiring and first to fourth side surfaces. The first side sealing layer is disposed on the fourth side surface. The ground connecting part is disposed on the second substrate and is electrically connected to the ground wiring and the first side sealing layer. The flexible film is connected to the second substrate. The driving circuit substrate is connected to the flexible film. The backlight assembly is disposed between the driving circuit substrate and the first substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a plurality of pixel electrodes to which a display voltage is supplied; a common electrode forming first capacitance with the plurality of pixel electrodes, and having a common voltage supplied thereto; a plurality of sensing electrodes forming second capacitance with the common electrode, and having a touch driving signal supplied thereto; and a touch controller supplying the touch driving signal, wherein a voltage of the common electrode includes a first ripple component that is generated due to variation in the display voltage and a second ripple component that is generated due to variation in the touch driving signal, and the touch controller supplies the touch driving signal such that a polarity of the second ripple component is determined based on a polarity of the first ripple component.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including: a plurality of pixel electrodes to which a display voltage is supplied; a common electrode forming first capacitance with the plurality of pixel electrodes, and having a common voltage supplied thereto; a plurality of sensing electrodes forming second capacitance with the common electrode, and having a touch driving signal supplied thereto; and a touch controller supplying the touch driving signal, wherein a voltage of the common electrode includes a first ripple component that is generated due to variation in the display voltage and a second ripple component that is generated due to variation in the touch driving signal, and the touch controller supplies the touch driving signal such that a polarity of the second ripple component is determined based on a polarity of the first ripple component.