Abstract: A porous carbon material, a method for preparing the same, a positive electrode including the same, and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same are provided. The porous carbon material has a specific surface area of 200 to 1,700 m2/g and impurities therefrom are removed through pre-treatment using microwaves. The porous carbon material, when applied to the positive electrode of the lithium-sulfur battery, improves the charging overvoltage problem of the lithium-sulfur battery.

Abstract: An example microfluidic device includes: paper; a pattern film; a conjugate pad and absorption pad, which are inserted into holes formed in the pattern film and come into contact with the paper, are inserted in separately formed holes, respectively, and the absorption pad is placed at a fixed interval between the holes, and an aptamer and antibodies combined with the sensing material are stored in above a conjugate pad; a reaction pad with an antibody that is located over a conjugate pad and absorption pad above and uniquely binding to antigen contained in the specimen; and a cover film attached to the pattern film; and a space formed by removal of the film at the bottom of the reaction pad.