Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first active pattern disposed on the substrate, a second active pattern stacked on the first active pattern, a first gate structure extending to intersect the first active pattern and the second active pattern, a second gate structure spaced apart from the first gate structure and extending to intersect the first active pattern and the second active pattern, a first epitaxial pattern interposed between the first gate structure and the second gate structure, and connected to the first active pattern, a second epitaxial pattern interposed between the first gate structure and the second gate structure, and connected to the second active pattern, an insulating pattern interposed between the first epitaxial pattern and the second epitaxial pattern, and a semiconductor film interposed between the insulating pattern and the second epitaxial pattern, the semiconductor film extending along a top surface of the insulating pattern.

Abstract: An air-conditioning device for mobilities and an air-conditioning control system for mobilities using the same, which are capable of performing independent air-conditioning control for each seat when a mobility is heated and cooled, thereby preventing wastage of heating and cooling energy by performing individual air conditioning for each seat depending on whether a passenger is seated, and ensuring comfort of all passengers by providing conditioned air to each seat.

Abstract: In a method of performing secure communication, access information for navigating to a target site is received while a mobile system is in a normal mode. An operational mode of the mobile system is changed from the normal mode to a secure mode based on the access information. The access information is verified while the mobile system is in the secure mode. Access to the target site is either allowed or denied based on a result of the verification.

Abstract: In a method of performing secure communication, access information for navigating to a target site is received while a mobile system is in a normal mode. An operational mode of the mobile system is changed from the normal mode to a secure mode based on the access information. The access information is verified while the mobile system is in the secure mode. Access to the target site is either allowed or denied based on a result of the verification.

Abstract: A method of operating a mobile device comprises executing a trusted service application in a trusted operating system through secure access, executing a trusted web server module in the trusted operating system, wherein the trusted web server module is configured to transfer information using an internet protocol and the information is generated by execution of the trusted service application, and executing a user application in a rich operating system through normal access, wherein the user application is configured to relay communication between a remote web server and the trusted web server module through a security session.

Abstract: An access control method for accessing an embedded system includes: performing a first access control operation for an access system by a first authentication subject, wherein the first access control operation includes performing a first authentication for the access system; when the first access control operation is passed, receiving at the first authentication subject a result of a second access control operation for the access system which is performed by a second authentication subject that is separate from the first authentication subject performing a second authentication for authenticating whether the access system is an access system that is authenticated by a second authentication subject that is separate from the first authentication subject, and receiving the result of the authentication; and allowing the access system to access the embedded system if the first authentication and the second authentication are successful.

Abstract: A method of operating a mobile device comprises executing a trusted service application in a trusted operating system through secure access, executing a trusted web server module in the trusted operating system, wherein the trusted web server module is configured to transfer information using an internet protocol and the information is generated by execution of the trusted service application, and executing a user application in a rich operating system through normal access, wherein the user application is configured to relay communication between a remote web server and the trusted web server module through a security session.

Abstract: A method of operating a mobile device comprises executing a trusted service application in a trusted operating system through secure access, executing a trusted web server module in the trusted operating system, wherein the trusted web server module is configured to transfer information using an internet protocol and the information is generated by execution of the trusted service application, and executing a user application in a rich operating system through normal access, wherein the user application is configured to relay communication between a remote web server and the trusted web server module through a security session.

Abstract: In a secure boot method, an initial boot loader verifies a first digital signature included in a first boot loader using a public key. The first boot loader is executed if the first digital signature is valid. The first boot loader verifies a first message authentication code included in a second boot loader using a unique key. The second boot loader is executed if the first message authentication code is valid.

Abstract: An access control method for accessing an embedded system includes: performing a first access control operation for an access system by a first authentication subject, wherein the first access control operation includes performing a first authentication for the access system; when the first access control operation is passed, receiving at the first authentication subject a result of a second access control operation for the access system which is performed by a second authentication subject that is separate from the first authentication subject performing a second authentication for authenticating whether the access system is an access system that is authenticated by a second authentication subject that is separate from the first authentication subject, and receiving the result of the authentication; and allowing the access system to access the embedded system if the first authentication and the second authentication are successful.

Abstract: A method of operating a mobile device comprises executing a trusted service application in a trusted operating system through secure access, executing a trusted web server module in the trusted operating system, wherein the trusted web server module is configured to transfer information using an internet protocol and the information is generated by execution of the trusted service application, and executing a user application in a rich operating system through normal access, wherein the user application is configured to relay communication between a remote web server and the trusted web server module through a security session.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory system includes an external memory, an internal memory, and a one-time programmable (OTP) memory. The external memory includes a kernel, a public key, first boot information used to authenticate the public key and generate a test secret key, and a second boot loader verifying integrity of the kernel. The internal memory includes a first boot loader that verifies integrity of the second boot loader and generates the test secret key. The OTP memory includes second boot information generated using the public key and a secret key. Since the secure boot method and the semiconductor memory system using the method do not need an additional OTP memory to store a secret key unlike conventional technology, the capacity and recording time of the OTP memory can be reduced to about half compared to the conventional technology.

Abstract: In a secure boot method, an initial boot loader verifies a first digital signature included in a first boot loader using a public key. The first boot loader is executed if the first digital signature is valid. The first boot loader verifies a first message authentication code included in a second boot loader using a unique key. The second boot loader is executed if the first message authentication code is valid.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is manufactured by defining a groove in a semiconductor substrate, where the groove includes an upper portion and a lower portion, among other steps. A sacrificial layer is then formed to selectively fill the lower portion of the groove. Impurity ions are implanted into the semiconductor substrate while the lower portion of the groove is filled with the sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer is then removed, and a gate is formed on the groove. In the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device, impurities can be doped at a uniform concentration in the channel area of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is manufactured by defining a groove in a semiconductor substrate, where the groove includes an upper portion and a lower portion, among other steps. A sacrificial layer is then formed to selectively fill the lower portion of the groove. Impurity ions are implanted into the semiconductor substrate while the lower portion of the groove is filled with the sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer is then removed, and a gate is formed on the groove. In the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device, impurities can be doped at a uniform concentration in the channel area of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory system includes an external memory, an internal memory, and a one-time programmable (OTP) memory. The external memory includes a kernel, a public key, first boot information used to authenticate the public key and generate a test secret key, and a second boot loader verifying integrity of the kernel. The internal memory includes a first boot loader that verifies integrity of the second boot loader and generates the test secret key. The OTP memory includes second boot information generated using the public key and a secret key. Since the secure boot method and the semiconductor memory system using the method do not need an additional OTP memory to store a secret key unlike conventional technology, the capacity and recording time of the OTP memory can be reduced to about half compared to the conventional technology.