Abstract: A surface-treated copper foil according to exemplary embodiments includes a copper foil layer and a protrusion layer formed on one surface of the copper foil layer. Pores are formed inside the protrusion layer or around a boundary between the copper foil layer and the protrusion layer. Abnormal growth of the protrusions may be prevented through the pores and thus a bonding force with the insulation layer may be improved.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a substrate treating method. The substrate treating method includes measuring a temperature of a plurality of heaters installed on a heating plate for heating a substrate; and heating the substrate by adjusting an output of the heater based on a difference between a measured temperature of each heater and a target temperature of each heater which was previously modelled, and wherein a target temperature of a first heater among the heaters at a first time point is set differently from the target temperature of the first heater at a second time point which is later than the first time point.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of manufacturing a dental composite blank. The method of manufacturing the dental composite blank includes (a) pressurizing a laminate for a composite blank having multiple layers having different colors at a first pressure (P1), (b) pressurizing the laminate for a composite blank, pressurized at the first pressure, at a second pressure (P2), and (c) manufacturing a composite blank by curing the pressurized laminate for a composite blank, in which steps (a) and (b) are each independently performed once or multiple times, and the first pressure (P1) is less than or greater than the second pressure (P2), ultimately making it possible to manufacture a dental composite blank that is similar to a natural tooth and thus exhibits a superior aesthetic appearance and high interlayer bonding strength.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to a heating member for heating a substrate. In an embodiment, the heating member includes a heater plate having at least one heating element bonded thereto, a connecting plate having a first space formed therein in which the heating element is accommodated, and a control plate having a control element bonded thereto, the control element being electrically connected with the heating element to control the heating element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating a substrate, the method including: performing a first heating process of heat-treating the substrate formed with a film, and a second heating process of heat-treating the substrate after the first heating process is performed; a collection operation of collecting temperature data of a first heating plate which heats the substrate in the first heating process; and a first control operation of adjusting a temperature of a second heating plate which heats the substrate in the second heating process based on the temperature data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dental composition including cement and a non-aqueous liquid, wherein the cement includes a first domain including alite, a second domain including belite, and a matrix located between one or more selected from the group consisting of the first domain and the second domain and configured to include silicon (Si)-atom-doped tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3). A dental hydraulic composition according to the present invention is a single ointment-type composition, and is thus easy to use and exhibits a good aesthetic appearance, high curability and high biocompatibility.

Abstract: Disclosed is an orthodontic member, having a tube shape, a hollow polygonal prism shape, a hollow truncated polygonal pyramid shape, a hollow truncated cone shape, or a funnel shape, and including a water-soluble or biodegradable material, wherein the orthodontic member into which a wire is inserted is attached to the teeth, thereby making it simple to perform orthodontic treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed is an orthodontic composite, comprising: an orthodontic member which has a tube shape, a hollow polygonal prism shape, a hollow truncated polygonal pyramid shape, a hollow truncated cone shape, or a funnel shape; and an orthodontic wire that is inserted into the hollow portion of the orthodontic member, wherein the orthodontic member includes a water-soluble or biodegradable material. Thereby, the orthodontic composite of the present invention making it simple to perform orthodontic treatment by attaching the orthodontic composite.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of manufacturing a dental composite blank. The method of manufacturing the dental composite blank includes (a) pressurizing a laminate for a composite blank having multiple layers having different colors at a first pressure (P1), (b) pressurizing the laminate for a composite blank, pressurized at the first pressure, at a second pressure (P2), and (c) manufacturing a composite blank by curing the pressurized laminate for a composite blank, in which steps (a) and (b) are each independently performed once or multiple times, and the first pressure (P1) is less than or greater than the second pressure (P2), ultimately making it possible to manufacture a dental composite blank that is similar to a natural tooth and thus exhibits a superior aesthetic appearance and high interlayer bonding strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dental composition including cement and a non-aqueous liquid, wherein the cement includes a first domain including alite, a second domain including belite, and a matrix located between one or more selected from the group consisting of the first domain and the second domain and configured to include silicon (Si)-atom-doped tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3). A dental hydraulic composition according to the present invention is a single ointment-type composition, and is thus easy to use and exhibits a good aesthetic appearance, high curability and high biocompatibility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a dental composite blank, including (a) placing a composite paste in a mold, (b) pressurizing the composite paste placed in the mold at a first pressure (P1), (c) pressurizing the composite paste placed in the mold at a second pressure (P2), and (d) curing the pressurized composite paste, in which each of steps (b) and (c) is performed once or multiple times, and the first pressure (P1) is less than or greater than the second pressure (P2). The dental composite blank and the method of manufacturing the same are effective at dispersing a non-dispersed filler and removing bubbles, thus improving mechanical properties, through repeated pressurization at different pressures before curing the composite paste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dental composition including cement and a non-aqueous liquid, wherein the cement includes a first domain including alite, a second domain including belite, and a matrix located between one or more selected from the group consisting of the first domain and the second domain and configured to include silicon (Si)-atom-doped tricalcium aluminate (3CaO.Al2O3). A dental hydraulic composition according to the present invention is a single ointment-type composition, and is thus easy to use and exhibits a good aesthetic appearance, high curability and high biocompatibility.

Abstract: Disclosed is an orthodontic composite, comprising: an orthodontic member which has a tube shape, a hollow polygonal prism shape, a hollow truncated polygonal pyramid shape, a hollow truncated cone shape, or a funnel shape; and an orthodontic wire that is inserted into the hollow portion of the orthodontic member, wherein the orthodontic member includes a water-soluble or biodegradable material. Thereby, the orthodontic composite of the present invention making it simple to perform orthodontic treatment by attaching the orthodontic composite.

Abstract: Disclosed is an orthodontic member, having a tube shape, a hollow polygonal prism shape, a hollow truncated polygonal pyramid shape, a hollow truncated cone shape, or a funnel shape, and including a water-soluble or biodegradable material, wherein the orthodontic member into which a wire is inserted is attached to the teeth, thereby making it simple to perform orthodontic treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dental composition, comprising unsaturated double bond-containing monomers and/or oligomers, a catalytic amount of polymerization initiator to initiate polymerization, and a filler, wherein the dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material to inhibit or prevent tooth decay. The dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material, thus uniformly and continuously exhibiting anticariogenic and antibacterial activities, while avoiding deterioration in physical properties required for the dental material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dental composition, comprising unsaturated double bond-containing monomers and/or oligomers, a catalytic amount of polymerization initiator to initiate polymerization, and a filler, wherein the dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material to inhibit or prevent tooth decay. The dental composition comprises an organic nanotube containing an antibacterial or anticariogenic material, thus uniformly and continuously exhibiting anticariogenic and antibacterial activities, while avoiding deterioration in physical properties required for the dental material.

Abstract: A growing method of a SiC single crystal includes the steps of thermal treatment of a high purity SiC source for decreasing a specific surface area and increasing a ratio of ?-phase and making a mole fraction of C greater than that of Si in the source, providing the SiC source into a crucible, arranging a SiC seed in the crucible, and growing the SiC single crystal by heating the SiC source.

Abstract: A light emitting diode includes a substrate tilted toward first and second directions simultaneously, a first cladding layer formed with a semiconductor material of a first conductive type on the substrate, an active layer formed on the first cladding layer, and a second cladding layer formed with a semiconductor material of a second conductive type on the active layer, wherein concavo-convexes are formed on the interfaces of the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer, and the active layer, and the (100) substrate is a III-V or a IV-IV group semiconductor substrate, and has a crystal orientation such that a (100) plane of the (100) substrate is inclined 2 to 20° toward the [0-1-1] direction and 1 to 8° toward the [0-11] direction.

Abstract: A light emitting diode includes a substrate tilted toward first and second directions simultaneously, a first cladding layer formed with a semiconductor material of a first conductive type on the substrate, an active layer formed on the first cladding layer, and a second cladding layer formed with a semiconductor material of a second conductive type on the active layer, wherein concavo-convexes are formed on the interfaces of the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer, and the active layer, and the (100) substrate is a III-V or a IV-IV group semiconductor substrate, and has a crystal orientation such that a (100) plane of the (100) substrate is inclined 2 to 20° toward the [0-1-1] direction and 1 to 8° toward the [0-11] direction.

Abstract: A light emitting diode includes a substrate tilted toward first and second directions simultaneously, a first cladding layer formed with a semiconductor material of a first conductive type on the substrate, an active layer formed on the first cladding layer, and a second cladding layer formed with a semiconductor material of a second conductive type on the active layer, wherein concavo-convexes are formed on the interfaces of the first cladding layer, the second cladding layer, and the active layer.