Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane for use in a fuel cell and a method of producing a polymer electrolyte membrane. The method includes preparing a phosphate monomer solution by dissolving an initiator and a phosphate monomer containing at least one phosphoric acid group and at least one unsaturated bond in a solvent, impregnating a porous polymer matrix with the phosphate monomer solution, polymerizing the impregnated phosphate monomer, and impregnating the result of polymerization with a phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte that may be used in a fuel cell includes sulfonated polyether ketone ketone and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A proton conductor includes a molecule with a hydroxy group arranged at a terminal end and an ether-based functional group arranged at an ?-carbon position. The proton conductor may be used to impregnate a polymer matrix to form a polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: A signal tower is installed on a body of a manufacturing equipment and having lamps for displaying operational states of the manufacturing equipment through lighting of various colors. The signal tower comprises a frame formed with a display window; and a display device installed in the display window of the frame to display colors and letters in response to a control signal from a computer.

Abstract: A solid proton conductor for a fuel cell and a fuel cell employing the solid proton conductor, the solid proton conductor including a sulfonated polymer, and a hydrophilic polymer having an acid group, constituting a polymer solvent, providing a proton mobile path.

Abstract: A proton conductor for a fuel cell, an electrode for a fuel cell that includes the proton conductor, and a fuel cell including the electrode of which the proton conductor includes a phosphoric acid-based material, and a C1-C20 ammonium perfluoroalkylsulfonate dissolved in the phosphoric acid-based material.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte that may be used in a fuel cell includes sulfonated polyether ketone ketone and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for improving transmission control protocol (TCP) performance using path recovery notification over a wireless network. The apparatus includes: a path recovery manager which detects a mobile host recovered from a temporary disconnection state and then outputs a detection signal to notify the detection result; a path recovery notification manager which receives the detection signal and generates an ACK (acknowledgement) packet to inform a transmitting end that the mobile host is recovered; and a first packet transceiver which transmits/receives the generated ACK packet and a data packet. Accordingly, a temporary disconnection state of a wireless network is explicitly informed to a transmitting end so as to transmit only lost packets without performing unnecessary congestion control, thereby improving TCP performance.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte that may be used in a fuel cell includes sulfonated polyether ketone ketone and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Provided are a solid proton conductor and a fuel cell including the solid proton conductor. The solid proton conductor includes a polymer providing a proton source, and a polymer solvent providing a proton path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter, which has an excellent stripper-resistance and is developed by an alkali aqueous solution, and a color filter formed of the photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin composition includes: (A) a carboxyl-containing acryl-based binder resin; (B) a double bond-containing acryl carboxylate resin represented by the following Formula 1; (C) an acryl-based photopolymerization monomer; (D) a photopolymerization initiator; (E) a pigment; and (F) a solvent. The photosensitive resin composition has excellent stripper resistance, and thus can be used when a color filter is fabricated on a TFT array substrate in order to ensure a high aperture ratio. In the above formula, R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1 to C10 alkyl, or —CO—R5—COOH wherein R5 is a moiety derived from an acid anhydride, R3 is R6COO— wherein R6 is aryl, R4 is R7COO— wherein R7 is alkyl, 5?m?50, 1?n?20, and 10?o?100.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode for a fuel cell and a fuel cell employing the electrode, the electrode comprising a catalyst layer including: a catalyst; a material having stronger binding force to anions than the catalyst; and a binder. According to the electrolyte for a fuel cell, electrochemical surface area of the catalyst is maximized, and thus efficiencies in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) of the catalyst are improved. Thus, a fuel cell having improved power generation efficiency may be prepared by employing the electrode.

Abstract: Provided are an additive to an electrode for a fuel cell that is a proton conductive compound having at least one phosphate group, an electrode for a fuel cell including the same, a method of manufacturing the electrode for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell using the electrode. The additive to an electrode for a fuel cell improves the durability of a fuel cell and reduces the amount of phosphoric acid discharged during operation of the fuel cell by fixing the phosphoric acid. Accordingly, a fuel cell having improved efficiency may be prepared using the additive because of improved proton conductivity and durability.

Abstract: A binder for an electrode of a fuel cell is a basic polymer including a nitrogen-containing functional group and a proton conductive polymer having a phosphoric acid impregnation capacity of 200 wt % or less. An electrode for a fuel cell includes the binder and a catalyst, and a fuel cell includes the electrode. The electrode is manufactured by mixing the binder, a catalyst, and a solvent; and coating the mixture on a carbon support and heat-treating the coated mixture. The binder has excellent proton conductivity by having a phosphoric acid impregnation capacity of 200 wt % or less, and has improved durability without membrane damage and micro-structural changes due to swelling, which occurs when PBI is used as a binder. Accordingly, an electrode including the binder has improved phosphoric acid retention capacity, and increased wetting velocity. Thus, a fuel cell having improved efficiency can be manufactured due to the improved proton conductivity and durability of the electrode.

Abstract: A polysulfone is provided with a nitrogen-containing functional group having an affinity to an acid, an electrolyte membrane using the polysulfone, and a fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane. In particular, the polysulfone includes a nitrogen-containing functional group that has an affinity to an acid, such as a phosphoric acid, thereby having an excellent acid retaining ability. In an electrolyte membrane including the polysulfone and an acid, the amount of the retained acid can be controlled. Therefore, the electrolyte membrane has a high ionic conductivity and a high mechanical strength. A polysulfone blend of polysulfone and a thermoplastic resin prevents the dissolution of polysulfone by phosphoric acid, so that an electrolyte membrane using the polysulfone blend has an improved durability. A cross-linked reaction product of polysulfone, a cross-linking agent and a polymerization product of polysulfone, a thermoplastic resin, and a cross-linking agent strongly resist a phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A proton conductor for fuel cells including a hydrophilic block and a hydrophobic block, an electrode for fuel cells employing the same and a fuel cell employing the electrode. The proton conductor, which is phosphoric acid based mono-ester or di-ester including an amphiphilic block, is added during the preparation of catalyst layers, and thus the viscosity of the composition may decrease and the dispersion thereof can be improved. Since the proton conductor has an amphiphilic property, the distribution of phosphoric acid can be effectively controlled. Thus, efficiency of the catalyst is improved, and fuel cells having improved efficiency can be prepared by employing an electrode including the catalyst.

Abstract: A rail-to-rail class AB amplifier includes an input circuit for converting a voltage difference between a first input signal and a second input signal into respective currents, a first current adder circuit for adding a drain current of a first input NMOS transistor and a drain current of a second input NMOS transistor, a second current adder circuit for adding a drain current of a first input PMOS transistor and a drain current of a second input PMOS transistor, a floating current source for controlling a bias current of the first current adder circuit and the second current adder circuit, a control circuit for controlling a voltage level of the drain terminal of a second cascode PMOS transistor and a second cascode NMOS transistor, and an output circuit coupled to the drain terminals of the second cascode PMOS transistor and the second NMOS transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel microorganisms having excellent biodegradability and a method for the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil. The novel microorganisms are specified as Rhodococcus baikoneurensis EN3 KCTC19082, Acinetobacter johnsonii EN67 KCTC12360 and Acinetobacter haemolyticus EN96 KCTC12361. In the bioremediation method, in addition to said novel microorganisms, various microorganisms of Nocardia sp., Gordonia sp., Rhodococcus sp. and Acinetobactor sp. can be used, and the oil biodegradation activities of these microbial strains can be increased by adding biosurfactant 2-alkyl-3-hydroxylic acid or its derivative. According to the disclosed invention, oil-contaminated soils can be purified in an effective, economical and eco-friendly manner compared to prior bioremediation methods.

Abstract: Provided is a buffer system for adjusting first-in first-out, more particularly, a buffer system that temporarily stores a plurality of substrates and is capable of adjusting first-in first-out. The buffer system includes one or more buffer layers having shafts and rollers fitted and fixed to the shafts so as to temporarily store or transfer substrates, a vertically moving unit moving the buffer layers up or down such that a buffer layer having thereon a substrate to be transferred is connected to a driving unit, and the driving unit rotating the shafts of the buffer layer having thereon the substrate to be transferred to transfer the substrate.

Abstract: This invention is related to an apparatus for treating substrates. According to the present invention, the substrate is cleaned by injecting high temperature and high pressure steam on substrate. A steam generator is configured to continually provide steam on substrate. After cleaning by steam, cleaning by brush may be followed.