Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an antenna apparatus for a base station and an adapter thereof and particularly comprises: an antenna module vertically installed to be spaced forward from a support pole by a predetermined distance so as to have a distancing space therebetween; an RRH installed on the antenna module to be positioned in the distancing space, wherein one of the upper end and the lower end thereof is hinge-coupled to the antenna module and the other of the upper end and the lower end thereof is attached to or detached from a part of the antenna module to enable electrical signal connection or disconnection while being rotated around the hinge; and an adapter for mediating the electrical signal connection and disconnection between the antenna module and the RRH. Therefore, the present disclosure provides advantages of reducing installation time and installation costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clamping apparatus for an antenna device, and particularly, to a clamping apparatus including a rotation unit configured to rotate an antenna device in a horizontal direction, a tilting unit configured to rotate the antenna device in a vertical direction, and a connection arm configured to install at least one of the rotation unit and the tilting unit on a support pole so that the support pole is not positioned on a horizontal rotation path and a vertical rotation path of the antenna device, thereby reducing an installation space for an antenna device with respect to the support pole.

Abstract: The embodiment relates to a data driving device for driving pixels of a display panel. In the data driving device, two adjacent DACs can have different gate loads for the same gray level value so that the fluctuation of the gate load according to the gray level value is reduced.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active area extending in a first direction, a first transistor including a first gate electrode and first source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the first source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the first gate electrode, a second transistor including a second gate electrode and second source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the second source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the second gate electrode, and a third transistor including a third gate electrode and third source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the third source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the third gate electrode, and the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, and the third gate electrode extending in a second direction different from the first direction. The second transistor is configured to turn on and off, based on an operation mode of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active area extending in a first direction, a first transistor including a first gate electrode and first source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the first source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the first gate electrode, a second transistor including a second gate electrode and second source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the second source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the second gate electrode, and a third transistor including a third gate electrode and third source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the third source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the third gate electrode, and the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, and the third gate electrode extending in a second direction different from the first direction. The second transistor is configured to turn on and off, based on an operation mode of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein describe a network tester that is configured to perform packet modification at an egress pipeline of a programmable packet engine. A packet stream is received at an egress pipeline of an output port of the programmable packet engine, wherein the output port includes a packet modifier. Packets of the packet stream are modified at the packet modifier. The packet stream including modified packets is transmitted through an egress pipeline of the output port.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active area extending in a first direction, a first transistor including a first gate electrode and first source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the first source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the first gate electrode, a second transistor including a second gate electrode and second source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the second source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the second gate electrode, and a third transistor including a third gate electrode and third source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the third source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the third gate electrode, and the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, and the third gate electrode extending in a second direction different from the first direction. The second transistor is configured to turn on and off, based on an operation mode of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active area extending in a first direction, a first transistor including a first gate electrode and first source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the first source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the first gate electrode, a second transistor including a second gate electrode and second source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the second source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the second gate electrode, and a third transistor including a third gate electrode and third source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the third source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the third gate electrode, and the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, and the third gate electrode extending in a second direction different from the first direction. The second transistor is configured to turn on and off, based on an operation mode of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active area extending in a first direction, a first transistor including a first gate electrode and first source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the first source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the first gate electrode, a second transistor including a second gate electrode and second source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the second source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the second gate electrode, and a third transistor including a third gate electrode and third source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the third source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the third gate electrode, and the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, and the third gate electrode extending in a second direction different from the first direction. The second transistor is configured to turn on and off, based on an operation mode of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active area extending in a first direction, a first transistor including a first gate electrode and first source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the first source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the first gate electrode, a second transistor including a second gate electrode and second source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the second source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the second gate electrode, and a third transistor including a third gate electrode and third source and drain areas disposed on the active area, the third source and drain areas being disposed at opposite sides of the third gate electrode, and the first gate electrode, the second gate electrode, and the third gate electrode extending in a second direction different from the first direction. The second transistor is configured to turn on and off, based on an operation mode of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to determining whether network invariants are violated by flow rules to be implemented by the data plane of a network. In an example, a verification module implemented on a device receives a flow rule transmitted from an SDN controller to a switch, the flow rule relating to an event. The module determines whether the flow rule matches any of a plurality of network invariants cached in the device. If determined that the flow rule matches one of the plurality of network invariants, the verification module determines whether the flow rule violates the matched network invariant. If determined that the flow rule does not match any of the plurality of network invariants, the verification module (1) reports the event associated with the flow rule to a policy management module, (2) receives a new network invariant related to the event from the policy management module, and (3) determines whether the flow rule violates the new network invariant.

Abstract: An optical lens system is disclosed. The optical lens system includes a first lens that has negative refractive power, a second lens that has positive refractive power, a third lens that has positive refractive power, a fourth lens that has refractive power, a fifth lens that has positive refractive power, a sixth lens that has negative refractive power, an aperture located between the second lens and the third lens, and conditional expressions of “?1.4<tan ?/f<?1.1” and “4.0<TTL/BFL<6.0” are satisfied when ? is an angle of view of the optical lens system in a diagonal direction, f is a focal length of the optical lens system, TTL is a distance on an optical axis from the object-side surface of the first lens to the sensor, and BFL is a distance on the optical axis from the sensor-side surface of the sixth lens to the sensor.

Abstract: Example implementations disclosed herein can be used to generate composite network policy graphs based on multiple network policy graphs input by network users that may have different goals for the network. The resulting composite network policy graph can be used to program a network so that it meets the requirements necessary to achieve the goals of at least some of the network users. In one example implementation, a method can include receiving multiple network policy graphs, generating composite endpoint groups based on relationships between endpoint groups and policy graph sources, generating composite paths based on the relationships between the endpoints and the network policy graphs, generating a composite network policy graph based on the composite endpoint groups and the composite paths, and analyzing the composite network policy graph to determine conflicts or errors.

Abstract: In some examples, a system can verify a network function by inquiring a model using a query language is described. In some examples, the system can include at least a memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor can execute instructions stored in the memory to transmit a plurality of packets into at least one network function that is unverifiable; describe the at least one network function using a model comprising a set of match action rules and a state machine; inquire the model using a query language comprising a temporal logic to obtain a query result indicating an expected behavior of the plurality of packets; and verify the at least one network function based on the query result and the expected behavior of the plurality of packets.

Abstract: Example method includes: receiving, by a network device in a network, a first network policy and a second network policy configured by a network administrator, wherein the first network policy comprises a first metric and the second network policy comprises a second and different metric; detecting, by the network device, a conflict between the first network policy and the second network policy; determining, by the network device, a relationship between the first metric and the second metric; modifying, by the network device, at least one of the first network policy and the second network policy to resolve the conflict based on the relationship between the first metric and the second metric; and combining, by the network device, the first network policy and the second network policy to generate a composite network policy that is represented on a single policy graph.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein describe a network tester that is configured to perform packet modification at an egress pipeline of a programmable packet engine. A packet stream is received at an egress pipeline of an output port of the programmable packet engine, wherein the output port includes a packet modifier. Packets of the packet stream are modified at the packet modifier. The packet stream including modified packets is transmitted through an egress pipeline of the output port.

Abstract: Example method includes: identifying three relationships about a network function in an intent-based stateful network—(1) the network function forwarding a network packet implies that at least one previous network packet was received by the network function in the same direction prior to the network packet is forwarded, (2) an established state in the network function implies that at least one previous network packet was received at the network function, (3) the network function receiving the network packet as a downward network function implies the network packet was previously sent by a second network function acting as an upward network function; encoding the network function using a combination of at least one of the three identified relationships; and verifying a plurality of network intents in the intent-based stateful network based at least in part on the encoding of the network function.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to determining whether network invariants are violated by flow rules to be implemented by the data plane of a network. In an example, a verification module implemented on a device receives a flow rule transmitted from an SDN controller to a switch, the flow rule relating to an event. The module determines whether the flow rule matches any of a plurality of network invariants cached in the device. If determined that the flow rule matches one of the plurality of network invariants, the verification module determines whether the flow rule violates the matched network invariant. If determined that the flow rule does not match any of the plurality of network invariants, the verification module (1) reports the event associated with the flow rule to a policy management module, (2) receives a new network invariant related to the event from the policy management module, and (3) determines whether the flow rule violates the new network invariant.

Abstract: Example method includes: identifying three relationships about a network function in an intent-based stateful network—(1) the network function forwarding a network packet implies that at least one previous network packet was received by the network function in the same direction prior to the network packet is forwarded, (2) an established state in the network function implies that at least one previous network packet was received at the network function, (3) the network function receiving the network packet as a downward network function implies the network packet was previously sent by a second network function acting as an upward network function; encoding the network function using a combination of at least one of the three identified relationships; and verifying a plurality of network intents in the intent-based stateful network based at least in part on the encoding of the network function.

Abstract: Example method includes: receiving, by a network device, a plurality of input policy graphs and a composed policy graph associated with the input policy graphs; dividing the composed policy graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of edges and a plurality of source nodes and destination nodes that the edges are connected to; selecting a first subset of sub-graphs that include, as a source node, a disjoint part of an original source EPG for each input policy graph; identifying a second subset within the first subset of sub-graphs that include, as a destination node, a disjoint part of an original destination EPG for the each input policy graph; and verifying whether connectivity in the composed policy graph reflects a corresponding policy in the plurality of input policy graphs for each sub-graph in the second subset.