Abstract: Disclosed are a semiconductor memory device, a controller, and a memory system. The semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells, and an error correcting code (ECC) decoder configured to receive first data and a parity output from selected memory cells of the memory cell array. The ECC decoder generates a syndrome based on the first data and the parity, generates a decoding status flag (DSF) indicating a type of an error of the first data by the syndrome, and outputs the second data and the DSF to an external device outside of the semiconductor memory device when a read operation of the semiconductor memory device is performed.

Abstract: A method of decoding a low density parity check (LDPC) code, includes dividing a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, into a plurality of sub blocks. The method further includes, for each of a plurality of decoding iterations, performing a node operation of each of target sub blocks among the plurality of sub blocks, the target sub blocks corresponding to a present decoding iteration among the plurality of decoding iterations, in a decoding schedule, estimating a reliability of each of the target sub blocks, based on a result of the node operation of each of the target sub blocks, and adjusting the decoding schedule, based on the reliability of each of the target sub blocks.

Abstract: An error correcting circuit receives a codeword including user data and a parity code, and performs an error correction operation on the user data. The circuit includes a first buffer, a decoder, a second buffer and a processor. The first buffer stores the codeword and sequentially outputs pieces of subgroup data obtained by dividing the codeword. The decoder generates pieces of integrity data for each of the pieces of subgroup data received from the first buffer, and performs the error correction operation on the user data using the parity code. The second buffer sequentially stores the pieces of integrity data for each of the pieces of subgroup data. The processor determines whether an error is present in the codeword based on the pieces of integrity data stored in the second buffer when at least one of the pieces of integrity data is updated in the second buffer.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes: a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells; an error correction code (ECC) engine configured to detect and/or correct at least one error bit in read data and configured to generate a decoding status flag indicative of whether the at least one error bit is detected and/or corrected, wherein the read data is read from the memory cell array; a channel interface circuit configured to receive the read data and the decoding status flag from the ECC engine and configured to transmit the read data and the decoding status flag to a memory controller, wherein the channel interface circuit is configured to transmit the decoding status flag to the memory controller through a pin; and a control logic circuit configured to control the ECC engine and the channel interface circuit in response to an address and a command from the memory controller.

Abstract: A variable corner vane assembly for a vehicle is disclosed. The variable corner vane assembly includes a cover coupled to a corner panel installed between a front panel and a door of the vehicle, a lift device for covering the cover and moving away from the cover in an outward direction of the vehicle as a function of lift generated by air flow when the vehicle moves, and a plurality of vanes extending from an inner surface of the lift device toward an inside of the vehicle and passing through the cover, the plurality of vanes controlling a flow of air drawn into a space between the lift device and the cover when the lift device moves away from the cover.

Abstract: A method of decoding a low density parity check (LDPC) code, includes dividing a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, into a plurality of sub blocks. The method further includes, for each of a plurality of decoding iterations, performing a node operation of each of target sub blocks among the plurality of sub blocks, the target sub blocks corresponding to a present decoding iteration among the plurality of decoding iterations, in a decoding schedule, estimating a reliability of each of the target sub blocks, based on a result of the node operation of each of the target sub blocks, and adjusting the decoding schedule, based on the reliability of each of the target sub blocks.

Abstract: A variable corner vane assembly for a vehicle is disclosed. The variable corner vane assembly includes a cover coupled to a corner panel installed between a front panel and a door of the vehicle, a lift device for covering the cover and moving away from the cover in an outward direction of the vehicle as a function of lift generated by air flow when the vehicle moves, and a plurality of vanes extending from an inner surface of the lift device toward an inside of the vehicle and passing through the cover, the plurality of vanes controlling a flow of air drawn into a space between the lift device and the cover when the lift device moves away from the cover.

Abstract: The MRI apparatus includes a housing that includes a bore; a table which is configured to be moved into the bore; and a beam projector that is configured to be disposed on the table, and to project an image into the bore. The beam projector includes a coil which is configured to be disposed so that a central axis of the coil is parallel to a center axis of the bore.

Abstract: The MRI apparatus includes a housing that includes a bore; a table which is configured to be moved into the bore; and a beam projector that is configured to be disposed on the table, and to project an image into the bore. The beam projector includes a coil which is configured to be disposed so that a central axis of the coil is parallel to a center axis of the bore.

Abstract: A data storage system that provides improved reliability and performance comprises a first memory device including a plurality of first storage components and a first memory controller, the first memory controller controls operation of the first storage components, a second memory device including a plurality of second storage components and a second memory controller, the second memory controller controls operation of the second storage components, a grading device determining grades for each of the first storage components and the second storage components, and a system controller that the location of data based on the grades of the first storage components and the second storage components.

Abstract: Provided is a methionyl tRNA synthase (MRS) for the biosynthesis of a photomethionine-labeled protein and a method for preparing a photoactivatable protein G variant using same and, more particularly, to an MRS variant in which alanine at the position of 12th is substituted with glycine, leucine at the position of 13th by serine, tyrosine at the position of 260th by phenylalanine, isoleucine at the position of 297th by valine, and histidine at the position of 301st by leucine from the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence of a wild-type Escherichia coli methionyl tRNA synthase. The MRS variant effectively confirms the biosynthesis of a photomethionine (pM)-labeled target protein and thus can be utilized for the biosynthesis of a pM-labeled target protein.

Abstract: A method and system of recovering data includes reading reference codewords, which have code correlation with a target codeword, from a memory device when an error-correcting code (ECC) decoding process for a decoder input of the target codeword has failed. A decoder input of a corrected target codeword is generated based on an operation process using the target codeword and the reference codewords. An ECC decoding process is performed again on the decoder input of the corrected target codeword.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus includes a housing which has a bore to which a magnetic field for use in an MRI scan is applied, a moving table on which an inspection target may be placed and that enters the bore of the housing, a projector which projects an image onto an inner wall that forms the bore of the housing, and a controller which controls the projection unit and transmits a video signal to the projector.

Abstract: A list decoding method for a polar code includes generating a tree-type decoding graph for input codeword symbols; the generating a tree-type decoding graph including, generating a decoding path list to which a decoding edge is added based on a reliability of a decoding path, the decoding path list being generated such that, among decoding paths generated based on the decoding edge, decoding paths within a threshold number of critical paths survive within the decoding path list in an order of high likelihood probability, and determining an estimation value, which corresponds to a decoding path having a maximum likelihood probability from among decoding paths of the decoding path list, as an information word.

Abstract: A method of decoding data of a non-volatile memory device is provided. The method includes a first decoding operation of reading first hard decision data from the non-volatile memory device using a first hard decision read level and performing decoding using the first hard decision data; a second decoding operation of reading first soft decision data from the non-volatile memory device when the decoding fails in the first decoding operation, and performing decoding using the first soft decision; and a third decoding operation of changing from the first hard decision read level to a second hard decision read level when the decoding fails in the second decoding operation, reading second hard decision data using the second hard decision read level, and performing decoding either using the second hard decision data or using both the second hard decision data and the first soft decision data.

Abstract: A method for controlling an auxiliary step rotated in association with a door opening angle of a vehicle may include a start step of sensing the door opening angle of a door of the vehicle, a first determination step of determining whether the sensed door opening angle is zero, a second determination step of determining whether the sensed door opening angle is less than a preset reference angle, when the sensed door opening angle is not zero, and a first control step of rotating the auxiliary step by the sensed door opening angle, when the sensed door opening angle is less than the reference angle.

Abstract: The MRI apparatus includes a housing that includes a bore; a table which is configured to be moved into the bore; and a beam projector that is configured to be disposed on the table, and to project an image into the bore. The beam projector includes a coil which is configured to be disposed so that a central axis of the coil is parallel to a center axis of the bore.

Abstract: A method for controlling an auxiliary step rotated in association with a door opening angle of a vehicle may include a start step of sensing the door opening angle of a door of the vehicle, a first determination step of determining whether the sensed door opening angle is zero, a second determination step of determining whether the sensed door opening angle is less than a preset reference angle, when the sensed door opening angle is not zero, and a first control step of rotating the auxiliary step by the sensed door opening angle, when the sensed door opening angle is less than the reference angle.

Abstract: The MRI apparatus includes a housing that includes a bore in which a first magnetic field for capturing a MR image is generated, a beam projector that is disposed in the bore of the housing during capture of the MR image and projects an image onto an inner wall included in the bore, and a controller that controls the beam projector, and transfers a video signal to the beam projector. The beam projector includes a coil which is disposed so that a direction of a second magnetic field, which is generated with a current applied to the coil, is parallel to a direction of the first magnetic field.

Abstract: Provided is a methionyl tRNA synthase (MRS) for the biosynthesis of a photomethionine-labeled protein and a method for preparing a photoactivatable protein G variant using same and, more particularly, to an MRS variant in which alanine at the position of 12th is substituted with glycine, leucine at the position of 13th by serine, tyrosine at the position of 260th by phenylalanine, isoleucine at the position of 297th by valine, and histidine at the position of 301st by leucine from the N-terminal of the amino acid sequence of a wild-type Escherichia coli methionyl tRNA synthase. The MRS variant effectively confirms the biosynthesis of a photomethionine (pM)-labeled target protein and thus can be utilized for the biosynthesis of a pM-labeled target protein.