Abstract: A battery pack discharges a high-temperature gas to the outside of the battery pack without affecting other adjacent battery modules when the gas is generated inside the battery module. The battery pack includes a pack housing; a battery module; and a pack cover having a first center venting channel, a first side venting channel, a second center venting channel and a second side venting channel configured to guide a venting gas generated from the battery module at a position corresponding to the battery module, the pack cover being configured to cover the battery modules by being coupled to the pack housing.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus including the controller are provided. The controller includes: a signal analyzer configured to detect at least one of an amplitude, phase, and frequency of a first signal, which is provided to a chamber; a radio frequency (RF) signal generator configured to generate an RF signal with a natural frequency based on a power of the first signal; a harmonic controller configured to generate a second signal based on the power of the first signal and at least one of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the first signal, the second signal having a different amplitude, a different phase, and/or a different frequency from the RF signal; an operator configured to perform an operation on the RF signal and the second signal; and a filter configured to generate an RF control signal by filtering an output signal of the operator.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises a display panel for displaying an image, a touch sensor above the display panel, at least one opening formed in the touch sensor, and a shielding member formed in the touch sensor to cover the opening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention or treatment of a muscle disease, comprising an extract of Ponciri Fructus. The extract of the present invention has the effect of increasing the expression of genes related to myotube cell differentiation and/or athletic performance, increasing muscle weight, and/or improving athletic performance.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus including: a chamber configured to provide a space for processing a substrate; a substrate stage configured to support the substrate within the chamber and including a first electrode, the first electrode configured to receive a first radio frequency signal; a second electrode disposed on an upper portion of the chamber to face the first electrode, the second electrode configured to receive a second radio frequency signal; a gas supply unit configured to supply a process gas onto the substrate within the chamber; and a thermal control unit configured to circulate a heat transfer medium through a first fluid passage provided in the first electrode and a second fluid passage provided in the second electrode to maintain the first and second electrodes at the same temperature.

Abstract: A small hydropower of a novel concept, comprising: two side supports; a main rotation axis provided on the upper end between the two side supports; a rotation body for rotating around the main rotation axis; fillable-then-emptiable water containers which are provided around the circumference of the rotation body, remain horizontally level, add weight by being filled with a certain amount of water when positioned at the top center of the rotation body during rotation, and remove the weight by spilling when positioned at the bottom center; a selective water supply device which can provide, to a fillable-then-emptiable water container that is positioned at the top center of the rotation body, water, and which temporarily stops discharging water until the next fillable-then-emptiable water container is positioned, if one fillable-then-emptiable water container is completely filled.

Abstract: A small hydropower of a novel concept, comprising: two side supports; a main rotation axis provided on the upper end between the two side supports; a rotation body for rotating around the main rotation axis; fillable-then-emptiable water containers which are provided around the circumference of the rotation body, remain horizontally level, add weight by being filled with a certain amount of water when positioned at the top center of the rotation body during rotation, and remove the weight by spilling when positioned at the bottom center; a selective water supply device which can provide, to a fillable-then-emptiable water container that is positioned at the top center of the rotation body, water, and which temporarily stops discharging water until the next fillable-then-emptiable water container is positioned, if one fillable-then-emptiable water container is completely filled.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light-emitting display apparatus including a hybrid protective film. The organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate, a display unit disposed on the substrate and including an organic light-emitting device (OLED), and an encapsulation unit encapsulating the display unit and including the hybrid protective film. The hybrid protective film includes an inorganic part layer where carbon is removed, an organic part layer where carbon is contained in a predetermined amount, and a gradient part layer disposed between the inorganic part layer and the organic part layer and increasing an amount of carbon as being more contiguous to the organic part layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor memory device for controlling a memory block. The semiconductor memory device includes a plurality of memory blocks to store data, and controller. The memory controller requests a first memory block, of the plurality of memory blocks, to performing a copy operation to copy the first memory block to a second memory block of the plurality of memory blocks. The controller then requests the first memory block to perform an operation different than the copy operation. The controller then requests the memory block to stop the copy operation based on the to perform an operation different than the copy operation. Finally, the controller requests the memory block to resume the copy operation after the operation different than the copy operation is completed.

Abstract: There is provided an antibiotic composition including Eisenia bicyclis-derived phlorotannin compound, in which the antibiotic composition includes a phlorotannin compound selected from 7-phloroeckol, fucofuroeckol-A, and dioxinodehydroeckol, or mixture thereof, which are derived from Eisenia bicyclis, as an effective component. The compounds described above exhibit an antibiotic activity against an antibiotic-resistant bacterium. In addition, the compound described above can exhibit a synergetic effect by using in combination with ?-lactam-based antibiotic composition by recovering an antibiotic activity of ?-lactam-based antibiotic, such as ampicillin, penicillin, and oxacillin against MRSA.

Abstract: A solid state storage system includes a flash memory area and a memory controller. The flash memory area includes memory blocks and replacement blocks configured to replace bad blocks occurring within the memory blocks. The memory controller is configured to perform a logical-to-physical address mapping on logical blocks including the replacement blocks, and select the replacement blocks using logical addresses of the logical blocks corresponding to the bad blocks.

Abstract: A solid state storage system includes a flash memory region comprising a plurality of memory blocks and a plurality of replacement blocks corresponding to error-occurred blocks when errors occur in the memory blocks; and a memory controller configured to perform a control operation to replace the error-occurred blocks with the replacement blocks, wherein the error-occurred blocks comprise correctable blocks and uncorrectable blocks, and wherein the memory controller determines whether the error-occurred blocks are the correctable blocks or the uncorrectable blocks and controls zones of the replacement blocks, replaced in correspondence to the correctable blocks, to be allocated a plurality of times.

Abstract: The presented solid state storage system provides an efficient manner of processing read and write operations in a memory block that has a faulty page of memory within it. The solid state storage system includes a flash memory area and a memory controller. The memory controller stores link information into a buffer, allocates a first temporary physical block to resume operations of the bad block past the first bad page, updates and stores mapping information associated with the remaining portions of the bad block past the first bad page, and merges together those valid pages from among the bad block into a final physical block by merging together all prior successfully operated valid pages from among the bad block with any subsequently successfully operated valid pages which are associated with successful operations subsequently to the failure in the first bad page of the bad block.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling a nonvolatile memory apparatus in a nonvolatile memory system including a host interface, a memory controller, and a memory area. The method includes: checking a number of ECC fail bits, determining whether or not to replace a corresponding block, and replacing the block, while a read command provided from the host interface is performed; and replacing a block, which was not replaced during the read operation, with a block to be used as a replacement target during a write operation.

Abstract: A flash memory apparatus of an embodiment is configured to include a flash memory including a plurality of blocks and a read operation control circuit determining whether to replace a block in accordance with the number of times a read process is performed for each block of the plurality of blocks.

Abstract: A solid state storage system includes a flash memory region comprising a plurality of memory blocks and a plurality of replacement blocks corresponding to error-occurred blocks when errors occur in the memory blocks; and a memory controller configured to perform a control operation to replace the error-occurred blocks with the replacement blocks, wherein the error-occurred blocks comprise correctable blocks and uncorrectable blocks, and wherein the memory controller determines whether the error-occurred blocks are the correctable blocks or the uncorrectable blocks and controls zones of the replacement blocks, replaced in correspondence to the correctable blocks, to be allocated a plurality of times.

Abstract: A solid state storage system includes a flash memory area and a memory controller. The flash memory area includes memory blocks and replacement blocks configured to replace bad blocks occurring within the memory blocks. The memory controller is configured to perform a logical-to-physical address mapping on logical blocks including the replacement blocks, and select the replacement blocks using logical addresses of the logical blocks corresponding to the bad blocks.

Abstract: The presented solid state storage system provides an efficient manner of processing read and write operations in a memory block that has a faulty page of memory within it. The solid state storage system includes a flash memory area and a memory controller. The memory controller stores link information into a buffer, allocates a first temporary physical block to resume operations of the bad block past the first bad page, updates and stores mapping information associated with the remaining portions of the bad block past the first bad page, and merges together those valid pages from among the bad block into a final physical block by merging together all prior successfully operated valid pages from among the bad block with any subsequently successfully operated valid pages which are associated with successful operations subsequently to the failure in the first bad page of the bad block.

Abstract: A flash memory apparatus of an embodiment is configured to include a flash memory including a plurality of blocks and a read operation control circuit determining whether to replace a block in accordance with the number of times a read process is performed for each block of the plurality of blocks.