Abstract: A slider used to access data on a rotating disk in a hared disk drive, including a read-write head providing a read differential signal pair to an amplifier to generate an amplified read signal reported when read accessing a rotating disk surface near the slider, which includes a read head employing a spin valve or employing a tunneling valve. The amplifier may be bonded to the read-write head and/or built on the read-write head. Head gimbal assembly including the slider and further including micro-actuator assembly preferably sharing at least one power signal. Hard disk drive including a head stack assembly, which includes at least one of the head gimbal assemblies. Manufacturing the slider, the head gimbal assembly, the head stack assembly, and the hard disk drive, as well as these items as products of the invention's manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A washing machine and a washing method thereof are disclosed, in which waste of washing water is reduced and washing efficiency is improved. The washing method includes the steps of determining the volume of laundry in a tub, setting a first water level for a preliminary washing stroke and a second water level for a main washing stroke based on the determined volume of laundry, carrying out the preliminary washing stroke using washing water of the first water level and steam, and converting the preliminary washing stroke into the main washing stroke based on washing water of the second water level depending on an inner temperature of the tub.

Abstract: A washing machine includes: a steam generator for generating steam; a circulation pump for pumping circulation water discharged from a tub and re-supplying it into a drum; a spray nozzle for spraying steam generated from the steam generator and the circulation water pumped from the circulation pump into the drum; and a back-current preventing branch unit connected to the steam generator by a steam supply line, connected to the circulation pump by a circulation line, and connected to the spray nozzle. With this structure, circulation water circulated by the circulation unit and steam generated from the steam generator are sprayed to the laundry through one spray nozzle, so that a system can be simplified and a fabrication cost can be reduced.