Abstract: A carboxylic acid, such as propionic acid, is prepared by carbonylation of an olefin, such as ethylene in the presence of water by the use of a molybdenum-nickel-alkali metal, tungsten-nickel alkali metal, or chromium-nickel-alkali metal co-catalyst in the presence of a halide.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are reacted with hydrogen to produce alkylidene diesters with high yield and with ratios of alkylidene diesters and co-product carboxylic acid near the theoretical by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid esters, such as methyl propionate, is prepared by carbonylation of an olefin, such as ethylene, in the presence of an alcohol by the use of a molybdenum-nickel-alkali metal, a tungsten-nickel-alkali metal or a chromium nickel-alkali metal co-catalyst and in the presence of a halide.

Abstract: A liquid-phase catalyst is represented by the formula X:T:Z:Q, wherein X is molybdenum, tungsten or chromium, T is nickel, X and T being in zero valent form or in the form of a halide, an oxide, a carboxylate of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbonyl or an hydride; Z is a halide source which is hydrogen halide, halogen, or an alkyl halide wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and Q is the alkali metal component and is in the form of an iodide, a bromide, a chloride or a carboxylate as defined for X and T, the molar ratio of X to T being 0.1-10:1, the molar ratio of X+T to Q being 0.1-10:1, and the molar ratio of Z to X+T being 0.01-0.1:1.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid anhydride, such as propionic anhydride, is prepared from an olefin and a carboxylic acid in carbonylation processes comprising the use of a halide, carbon monoxide and a molybdenum-nickel-alkali metal, a tungsten-nickel-alkali metal or a chromium-nickel-alkali metal component.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid anhydride, such as acetic anhydride, is prepared from a carboxylate ester or a hydrocarbyl ether in carbonylation processes comprising the use of an iodide or bromide carbon monoxide and a molybdenum-nickel-alkali metal or a tungsten-nickel-alkali metal catalyst.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid, such as acetic acid, is prepared by carbonylation of a hydrocarbyl alcohol, such as methanol by the use of a molybdenum-nickel-alkali metal or a tungsten-nickel-alkali metal co-catalyst in the presence of an iodide or bromide.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid, such as propionic acid, is prepared by carbonylation of an olefin, such as ethylene in the presence of water by the use of a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel co-catalyst in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent and in the presence of a halide.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid, such as propionic acid, is prepared by carbonylation of an olefin, such as ethylene in the presence of water by the use of a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel cocatalyst in the presence of a promoter comprising an organophosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent and in the presence of a halide.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid, such as acetic acid, is prepared from a hydrocarbyl alcohol, such as methanol, in carbonylation processes comprising the use of an iodide, carbon monoxide and a nickel catalyst in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound wherein the phosphorus is trivalent.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid ester, such as methyl propionate, is prepared by carbonylation of an olefin, such as ethylene in the presence of an alcohol by the use of a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel co-catalyst in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent and in the presence of a halide.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid anhydride, such as propionic anhydride, is prepared from an olefin and a carboxylic acid in carbonylation processes comprising the use of a halide, carbon monoxide and a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel component in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid anhydride, such as acetic anhydride, is prepared from a carboxylate ester or a hydrocarbyl ether in carbonylation processes comprising the use of an iodide, carbon monoxide and a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel component in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent.

Abstract: Acetic anhydride is reacted with hydrogen to produce ethylidene diacetate by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a molybdenum-nickel or a tungsten-nickel co-catalyst component and in the presence of an iodide and a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and the nitrogen are trivalent.

Abstract: Ethylidene diacetate is prepared by treating methyl acetate and/or dimethyl ether with carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the use of a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel co-catalyst, in the presence of an iodide and in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent and in the presence of an iodide.

Abstract: The novel bis (2-bromoethyl) tellurium dibromide and 2-bromoethyl tellurium tribromide are prepared by reacting ethylene with a source of tellurium tetrabromide in an inert, non-basic organic solvent under certain temperature conditions and in the substantial absence of molecular oxygen.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid, such as acetic acid, is prepared from a hydrocarbyl alcohol, such as methanol, in carbonylation processes comprising the use of an iodide, carbon monoxide and a nickel catalyst in the presence of a tin promoter.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride, is prepared from a carboxylate ester or a hydrocarbyl ether in carbonylation processes comprising the use of a halide, carbon monoxide and a Group VIII noble metal in the presence of promoters comprising at least one metal of Groups IVB, VB, and VIB or a non-noble metal of Group VIII, or their compounds and an organo-nitrogen compound or an organo-phosphorus compound wherein the nitrogen and phosphorus are trivalent.

Abstract: A monovalent thallium compound is converted to a trivalent thallium compound by treating the thallium (I) compound with an organic hydroperoxide in the presence of a Group VIII noble metal catalyst in a liquid medium and in the presence of a promoter comprising a member selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds and heterocyclic tertiary amines, to oxidize the thallium (I) compound to a thallium (III) compound.

Abstract: A monovalent thallium compound is converted to a trivalent thallium compound by treating the thallium (I) compound with molecular oxygen in the presence of a Group VIII noble metal catalyst and in the presence of a promoter comprising a heterocyclic tertiary amine to oxidize the thallium (I) compound to a thallium (III) compound.