Abstract: A distributor bottom, particularly a nozzle-type distributor bottom, for steadily introducing process gas, especially process gas loaded with solid particles, into a process chamber, optionally to create a fluidized bed. The process chamber is disposed above the distributor bottom and is formed by walls of a reactor used for metallurgically, particularly thermally, treating feedstock. The distributor bottom is provided with a plurality of holes. Holes are arranged near the walls to prevent substances from attaching to the reactor walls. Special arrangements relate to nozzles and ducts.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron includes i) at least one fluidized-bed reduction reactor that converts iron ore into reduced materials by reducing and plasticizing the iron ore, ii) a melter-gasifier into which the reduced materials are charged and oxygen is injected such that the melter-gasifier manufactures molten iron, and iii) a reducing gas supply line that supplies a reducing gas discharged from the melter-gasifier into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor. The fluidized-bed reduction reactor includes a gas injector that injects a gas into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor to remove stagnating layers.

Abstract: A distributor bottom, particularly a nozzle-type distributor bottom, for steadily introducing process gas, especially process gas loaded with solid particles, into a process chamber, optionally to create a fluidized bed. The process chamber is disposed above the distributor bottom and is formed by walls of a reactor used for metallurgically, particularly thermally, treating feedstock. The distributor bottom is provided with a plurality of holes. Holes are arranged near the walls to prevent substances from attaching to the reactor walls. Special arrangements relate to nozzles and ducts.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron includes i) at least one fluidized-bed reduction reactor that converts iron ore into reduced materials by reducing and plasticizing the iron ore, ii) a melter-gasifier into which the reduced materials are charged and oxygen is injected such that the melter-gasifier manufactures molten iron, and iii) a reducing gas supply line that supplies a reducing gas discharged from the melter-gasifier into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor. The fluidized-bed reduction reactor includes a gas injector that injects a gas into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor to remove stagnating layers.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reduction reactor (100) for supplying a reduced iron to a melter-gasifier (1) of a smelting reduction system includes an exhaust gas supply unit (3) for supplying an exhaust gas to a reduction gas supply tube (4) interconnecting the melter-gasifier (1) and fluidized bed reduction furnaces (20, 30, 40) when the pressure of the reduction gas in each fluidized bed reduction furnace radically decreases with the occurrence of pressure peak in the melter-gasifier (1). The fluidized bed reduction reactors further include iron ore flow blockage prevention units for directly bypassing some of the reduction gas from each iron ore discharge tube (33, 43) disposed between the neighboring furnaces to the scrubber (50) when the inner pressure of the melter-gasifier (1) radically increases with the occurrence of pressure peak, and a backup gas supply unit supplying a backup nitrogen gas to the bottom of each fluidized bed reduction furnace when a nozzle of a distribution plate (24, 34, 44) is clogged.

Abstract: A smelting reduction apparatus which separates exhaust gas, which is exhausted from a melter-gasifier or a fluidized bed reactor, into dusts and reducing gas to supply them to each fluidized bed reactor respectively is disclosed, in which the smelting reduction apparatus includes a three-stage type fluidized bed reactor, a melter-gasifier for manufacturing molten pig iron by finally reducing the fine iron ores of which reaction is finished in a final fluidized bed reactor, and a dust separating device, which performs separation of exhausted gas from the melter-gasifier into dusts and reducing gas, so as to supply the separated reducing gas to a lower part of the final fluidized bed reactor, dusts having a larger particle sizes in the separated dusts to the melter-gasifier again, and fine dusts having a smaller particle sizes in the separated dusts to an upper part of a gas distributor of the final fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A two-stage fluidized bed reducing apparatus and a reducing method for fine iron ore of a wide particle size distribution with an increased degree of utilization of the reducing gas. Fine iron particles dropping through the holes of a gas distributor can be recycled into the fluidized bed furnace, thereby preventing an impediment of the reducing gas flow due to abnormal defluidizing or channeling. A first fluidized bed furnace dries, pre-heats and pre-reduces the fine iron ore, and a second fluidized bed furnace finally reduces the pre-reduced iron ore. Downstream of the respective fluidized beds are installed intermediate hoppers and gas/solid sealing valves. Thus, the fine iron ore particles which drop through the holes of gas distributors during the abnormal operation are recycled to the furnaces. Accordingly, the gas flow is not impeded.

Abstract: A smelting reduction apparatus which separates exhaust gas, which is exhausted from a melter-gasifier or a fluidized bed reactor, into dusts and reducing gas to supply them to each fluidized bed reactor respectively is disclosed, in which the smelting reduction apparatus includes a three-stage type fluidized bed reactor, a melter-gasifier for manufacturing molten pig iron by finally reducing the fine iron ores of which reaction is finished in a final fluidized bed reactor, and a dust separating device, which performs separation of exhausted gas from the melter-gasifier into dusts and reducing gas, so as to supply the separated reducing gas to a lower part of the final fluidized bed reactor, dusts having a larger particle sizes in the separated dusts to the melter-gasifier again, and fine dusts having a smaller particle sizes in the separated dusts to an upper part of a gas distributor of the final fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reduction reactor has a plurality of fluidized bed reactors (10) with inner gas distributors (19). A charge duct (12) passes through the top of the fluidized bed reactor (10) with a free end to charge a fine iron ore into said reactor (10). The free end of the iron ore charging duct (12) is positioned close to the top center of the gas distributor (19). A spiral-shaped partition weir (13) is placed over the gas distributor and surrounds the iron ore charging duct (12) while being spirally extended to an inner wall of the fluidized bed reactor (10) where it is fixed. The fine iron ore is fluidized and reduced while spirally flowing from the center of the fluidized bed reactor (10) to its inner wall. In this structure, the back mixture phenomenon where the reacted fine iron ore is mixed with the non-reacted fine iron ore does not occur.

Abstract: A two step twin-single fluidized bed type reduction apparatus for fine iron ore, and a method therefor, are disclosed. The fluidizing of the fine iron ore is stabilized so as to improve the reduction degree and the gas utilization rate, and so as to minimize the elutriation loss of the iron ore. The apparatus includes a first fluidized bed furnace for carrying out a first pre-reduction on only coarse/intermediate iron ore particles among fine iron ores of a wide particle size distribution by a bubbling/turbulent fluidization after their charge from a charging hopper, while making fine iron ore particles fly away. A second fluidized bed furnace carries out a first pre-reduction on the fine iron ore particles flown from the first fluidized bed furnace by a bubbling fluidization, and a third fluidized bed furnace carries out a second pre-reduction on the iron ores discharged from the first and second fluidized bed furnaces after their first pre-reduction.

Abstract: A 3-stage fluidized bed type iron ore reducing apparatus having X shaped circulating tubes is disclosed for forming a gas pore fluidizing layer of a fine iron ore, and for drying/pre-heating it to reduce it, so that the gas utilization rate and the reducing rate can be improved, as well as decreasing the gas consumption rate.