Abstract: In a color reproduction device, an input profile that is referenced in converting an input image from an image input device into a device-independent color image is created based on image input device information, shooting- and observation-time lighting data, and subject data, allowing accurate conversion of the input image to the device-independent color image. In reproducing the image by an image output device, the spectral reflectance of the subject itself is calculated from image input device information and shooting-time lighting data, thereby reducing the effect of the shooting-time lighting. The colors of the subject under observation lighting are calculated from observation-time lighting data. A color reproduced image is estimated accurately on the basis of the subject data even if the input image has little information.

Abstract: In a color reproduction device, an input profile that is referenced in converting an input image from an image input device into a device-independent color image is created based on image input device information, shooting- and observation-time lighting data, and subject data, allowing accurate conversion of the input image to the device-independent color image. In reproducing the image by an image output device, the spectral reflectance of the subject itself is calculated from image input device information and shooting-time lighting data, thereby reducing the effect of the shooting-time lighting. The colors of the subject under observation lighting are calculated from observation-time lighting data. A color reproduced image is estimated accurately on the basis of the subject data even if the input image has little information.

Abstract: A spectral image photographing section photographs the image of an object to be photographed as spectrum information in units of pixels so as to mutually record and reproduce a faithful image between two points. A photographing light spectrum detecting section detects the spectrum distribution of illumination light at a photographing point. A reproduction environment light spectrum detecting section detects the spectrum distribution of illumination light at a reproduction point. A spectral reflectance distribution calculating section eliminates the influence of the spectrum distribution of illumination light from the spectrum information photographed by the spectral image photographing section, and calculates the spectral reflectance distribution of the object.

Abstract: A computerized tomography system including an X-ray source for emitting X-rays in a cone-beam shape, a two-dimensional X-ray image acquirer which is arranged so as to face the X-ray source and acquires an image of an object by using the X-rays; and rotator for rotating the X-ray source and the two-dimensional x-ray image acquirer around the object, wherein a three-dimensional reconstructed image is formed from the projection images acquired by the two-dimensional X-ray image acquirer while rotating the rotator. An iterative reconstruction calculator for forming the three-dimensional reconstructed image from the projection images is provided. The three-dimensional reconstructed image without artifacts can be acquired from a small amount of projection data.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises a CPU, an information input unit, a main storage made up of a RAM, an image input interface, a display interface, and a ROM. These components are mutually connected on a bus. The CPU includes an image processor which operates according to programs stored in the ROM. The image processor comprises a corresponding point detector for detecting corresponding points in multiple images, an image matching unit for matching at least two images according to the output result of the corresponding point detector, and an image synthesizer for synthesizing at least part of at least one image portion matched by said image matching unit with at least part of image information of other images to form a single image. The information input unit is a keyboard for entering the type of an electronic endoscope and other data. The image input interface is connected to image memories and receives image data from the memories.

Abstract: An optical image reconstructing apparatus includes an optical image forming system. A focused surface controller moves the position of an object surface focused by the optical image forming system. An image pickup converts an image of an object formed by the optical image forming system into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal as an image signal. An adder adds a plurality of image signals output from the image pickup while the position of the object surface is moved by the focused surface controller. A frequency filtering device performs a frequency filtering operation on an image signal outputted from the adder to produce a filtered image signal. A rotation controller rotates the object or the optical image forming system at a predetermined angular interval around one point on an optical axis of the optical image forming system.

Abstract: An information retrieval system allowing the user to build a database or to retrieve data therefrom based on vague retrieval-designating data without becoming aware of the database structure. The system comprises a neural network, a memory, an interface part and a CRT. The neural network stores data designating electronic still pictures contained in the memory. When data for designating retrieval are input, the interface part groups the data into such categories as the place where the desired picture was taken and the date on which it was taken, and supplies the neural network with the categorized input data. In turn, the neural network outputs by association the data corresponding to the input data. Given the data from the network, the memory outputs the relevant electronic still picture to the CRT for display.

Abstract: An intelligence information processing system is composed of an associative memory and a serial processing-type computer. Input pattern information is associated with the associative memory, and pattern recognition based on the computer evaluates an associative output. In accordance with this evaluation, an associative and restrictive condition is repeatedly added to the energy function of a neural network constituting the associative memory, thereby converging the associative output on a stable state of the energy. The converged associative output is verified with intelligence information stored in a computer memory. The associative and restrictive condition is again repeatedly added to the energy function in accordance with the verification so as to produce an output from the system.

Abstract: In a sensitivity function measuring unit, a CMD for picking up a beam from a light source is arranged through a photographic lens and a liquid crystal lens. A preamplifier, an A/D converter, a subtractor, a sensitivity function memory, a compressor, and R, G, and B sensitivity function memories are sequentially connected to the CMD through a switching circuit. An image reproducing unit for reproducing an original image using a sensitivity function calculated by the sensitivity function measuring unit is connected to a calculator for calculating a reproduced image, a frame memory for storing an image signal picked up by the CMD, and calculators for calculating sensitivity functions stored in the sensitivity function memories. The image reproducing unit is also connected to a display unit.

Abstract: In a sensitivity function measuring unit, a CMD for picking up a beam from a light source is arranged through a photographic lens and a liquid crystal lens. A preamplifier, an A/D converter, a subtractor, a sensitivity function memory, a compressor, and R, G, and B sensitivity function memories are sequentially connected to the CMD through a switching circuit. An image reproducing unit for reproducing an original image using a sensitivity function calculated by the sensitivity function measuring unit is connected to a calculator for calculating a reproduced image, a frame memory for storing an image signal picked up by the CMD, and calculators for calculating sensitivity functions stored in the sensitivity function memories. The image reproducing unit is also connected to a display unit.

Abstract: An intelligence information processing system is composed of an associative memory and a serial processing-type computer. Input pattern information is associated with the associative memory, and pattern recognition based on the computer evaluates an associative output. In accordance with this evaluation, an associative and restrictive condition is repeatedly added to the energy function of a neural network constituting the associative memory, thereby converging the associative output on a stable state of the energy. The converged associative output is verified with intelligence information stored in a computer memory. The associative and restrictive condition is again repeatedly added to the energy function in accordance with the verification so as to produce an output from the system.

Abstract: A color discrimination data input apparatus includes a light source for generating illumination light for illuminating a target object, a spectroscope for producing a spectrum having a plurality of spectral components, a color classification filter set to have a light-transmitting characteristic to pass only a light component having a wavelength range suitable for classification from the spectral components generated by the spectroscope in order to classify the spectral components reflected by the target object into predetermined classes, a photoelectric converting circuit for converting a reflected spectral component, upon radiation of the spectral component passing through the color classification filter on the target object, into an electrical signal, classifying circuit for classifying the reflected spectral components in accordance with the electrical signal output from the photoelectric converting circuit, the color estimating circuit of estimating a color of the target object from the reflected spectra

Abstract: In an NMR spectroscopic analyzing method to which the simulated annealing method is applied, each amplitude, decay constant, resonant frequency, and phase of each spectrum component of an FID signal formed by a plurality of spectrum components are used as variables. A perturbation of an estimated value of each variable and a decision of whether the perturbation is accepted or rejected are performed in sequence based on a certain probability depending on a variation amount of a cost function produced from the estimated value. The probability of accepting the perturbation is gradually decreased in the process of repeating the perturbations to obtain estimated values which minimize the cost function.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing a hologram from a series of two-dimensional images horizontally different in line of sight from each other. The holographic apparatus employs original images produced by photographing an object from different directions, an object optical system which makes a light be incident upon original image to project an object beam onto photo-sensitive material, and a reference optical system which projects a reference beam of a same wavelength as the object beam toward the photo-sensitive material. The horizontal component of the object beam can be converged at a rear point i.e., a point of view at image reproduction, relatively distant from the photo-sensitive material on which a hologram is produced. When the hologram is reconstructed, a beam having the same wavelength as when recorded is converged at the rear point of view, so that the reconstructed image can be viewed in a same color free from any color shading.

Abstract: An image restoration apparatus comprises an image display device for displaying an image estimated as a nondegraded original image, a lens system for focusing the estimated image displayed on the image display device, an image input means for photographing an image focused by the lens system and for receiving the photographed image as image information, a comparing means for comparing the input image information received by the image input means with degraded image information prepared beforehand to obtain a difference therebetween, and a restoring means for performing restoration of an original image by changing the estimated image by using a random number on the basis of the difference calculated by the comparing means.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for measuring the biocurrent distribution call for initially assuming a number of multiple currents which is more than the number of isolated currents possibly existing in a living body and calculating the virtual magnetic field created by the assumed currents at actual measuring points. The estimated location and current vectors of said assumed currents are consecutively changed to decrease the difference between said virtual and actual magnetic fields so that the estimated location and current vectors of the assumed currents having the number corresponding to the true isolated currents substantially approximate the true values and the estimates of the other assumed currents approximate zero. This enables the biocurrent distribution to be exactly determined even when the number of isolated currents is not preliminarily known.

Abstract: An optical apparatus which can reproduce an image having a large focal depth without losing resolution and luminance, wherein there is inputted a plurality of images focused on different object planes. A plurality of input images are then weighted and added together. Image recovery processing of the thus added images is then performed.

Abstract: An image input/output apparatus which can reproduce an image having a large focal depth, without decreasing the resolution and luminance. The apparatus has a wide range of practical applications, and can be, easily, quickly and exactly put to practical use. The apparatus includes a mechanism for inputting a plurality of images focused on different object planes, circuitry for Fourier-transforming the images input by the inputting mechanism circuitry for weighting and adding the images Fourier-transformed by the Fourier-transforming circuitry, and circuitry for performing an inverse Fourier transform of Fourier spectrum images obtained by the weighting and adding circuitry.

Abstract: A method of reading image wherein an original image is read with two different sampling intervals, and undesirable signal components are removed from the read image signals. An apparatus for reading image wherein an original image is read with different sampling intervals by reading devices of two systems; outputs of the reading devices are A/D converted and subjected to an orthogonal function transformation; a converted signal of smaller absolute value is subjected to an inverse orthogonal function transformation to produce a read image signal.

Abstract: The method of detecting corresponding regions between a plurality of pictue images includes respective steps of standardizing the concentration values of respective picture image signals in the operation object regions of a plurality of picture images so that an influence such as the dispersion of the concentration and brightness may be corrected, operating the correlation in the actual fields of the operation object regions and detecting the set of regions in which the operated correlation value is a maximum. The apparatus for realizing this method includes a standardizing device for standardizing the concentration values of respective picture image signals in the operation object regions of a plurality of picture images so that the influence such as the dispersion of the concentration and brightness may be corrected, a correlation operating device for operates the correlations in the actual fields of the operation object regions.