Abstract: A method and apparatus allows mutual comparison of a mode of appearance of a color by the visual sense with a mode of appearance of the color from a calorimetric value from a calorimeters, and establishes a corresponding relationship between both evaluations. In the illumination variable calorimetric method and colorimeter, an illumination adjustment mechanism and an illumination measurement light receiver are disposed in a measurement optical path of an optical portion. After an illumination is adjusted to a predetermined illumination while a standard plate is placed on the surface of a sample table, standard adjustment is effected. Thereafter, measurement is started by placing a sample on the sample table, and the illumination of the sample table is varied by the light quantity adjustment mechanism so that changes in hue, saturation and lightness of a surface color of the sample and each color difference value with respect to the change of illumination of the same sample can be measured and displayed.

Abstract: A weathering test apparatus having a vertically disposed long-arc type air-cooled metal halide lamp, a lamp housing having a cooling device for cooling a lower seal portion of the lamp, and a vertical specimen rack which rotates about the lamp. The lamp, in which halide metals and mercury and a rare gas are infused, includes a supporting member having at least one hollow protrusion positioned at the upper ½ to ⅔ portion of the radiation length of a radiation tube wall, and the radiation length of the lamp is 5 cm to 15 cm. The lamp housing comprises an air supply device disposed outside of the test chamber for supplying cooling air, a cooling device located between an inner optical filter and the lower seal portion of the lamp, and an air volume adjustment device. In this way, the temperature difference between the upper seal portion of the lamp and the lower seal portion of the lamp may be decreased.

Abstract: A weathering test apparatus having a vertically disposed long-arc type air-cooled metal halide lamp, a lamp housing having a cooling device for cooling a lower seal portion of the lamp, and a vertical specimen rack which rotates about the lamp. The lamp, in which halide metals and mercury and a rare gas are infused, includes a supporting member having at least one hollow protrusion positioned at the upper ½ to ⅔ portion of the radiation length of a radiation tube wall, and the radiation length of the lamp is 5 cm to 15 cm. The lamp housing comprises an air supply device disposed outside of the test chamber for supplying cooling air, a cooling device located between an inner optical filter and the lower seal portion of the lamp, and an air volume adjustment device. In this way, the temperature difference between the upper seal portion of the lamp and the lower seal portion of the lamp may be decreased.

Abstract: An oxygen-hydrogen gas generation apparatus in which an ion exchange film is used to prevent oxygen and hydrogen from mixing. The oxygen-hydrogen gas generation apparatus includes an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an ion exchange film interposed between box-shaped structures. The box-shaped structures each have an interior surface coated with metal, a framework for holding the ion exchange film, and a gas discharge port. Oxygen gas is generated in a chamber formed by the ion exchange film and the box-shaped structures connected to a positive pole of a power supply. A hydrogen gas is generated in a chamber formed by the ion exchange film and the box-shaped structures connected to a negative pole of the power supply.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating falling snow and having an upright inner cylinder, a cloud vapor machine and a snow seed feeder connected to the cylinder near the lower end thereof, an air velocity adjustment pipe connected between the upper and lower ends thereof and a blower in the pipe for adjusting the flow velocity of air inside the pipe to adjust the flow of air in the inner cylinder, and a cooling tower surrounding the inner cylinder and a cooler for cooling the air in the cooling tower for cooling the inner cylinder.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the moisture content of falling snow has a sheet of water-absorbing material containing a material which generates a color upon having water added thereto and which is movable from a snow receiving position to a first observation position and then to a heating position and then to a second observation position.

Abstract: An artificial snow generating apparatus having a vertical inner cylinder for generating and growing snow and an outer tank surrounding the inner cylinder and having a cooler for cooling the inner cylinder for an ice crystal quantitative feeder for generating and feeding a predetermined quantity of ice to a lower part of the inner cylinder from a cooled spray chamber into which a spray producing nozzle sprays water from a feed water tank by aspiration with air from a saturation tank containing water. A blower periodically blows humidified air through the spray chamber to blow ice particles into the inner cylinder. The apparatus also has a cloud-forming water quantitative feeder for generating and feeding a predetermined quantity of particles of cloud-forming water having a predetermined particle size to the inner cylinder at a position above the ice crystal quantitative feeder.

Abstract: An artificial snow making apparatus including a mechanism for changing artificial snow generated therein to wet snow which includes an apparatus for making artificial snow and a test chamber located therebelow for receiving the generated snow. An air channel is located within the test chamber and connected to the artificial snow generating mechanism. A blower sends air through the air channel for mixing with and carrying the generated snow along a flow path. A mechanism for supplying heated and humidified air to the air channel is disposed at a portion of the flow path which is downstream from where the generated snow is supplied to the air channel. A sample fitting frame is disposed in the air channel at a position downstream of the position along the air channel at which the heated and humidified air is supplied thereto.

Abstract: An artificial snow making apparatus has a vertical inner cylinder having an opening at the lower end thereof, an air velocity adjusting duct connected between the top of the inner cylinder and a point near the lower end thereof and having an air blower therein for adjusting the velocity of air in the duct for thereby controlling the velocity of air inside the inner cylinder, an outer tank around the inner cylinder and having a cooling unit therein for cooling the inner cylinder and a cloud-forming vapor generator and an ice crystal seed generator connected to the inner cylinder for causing artificial snow to be generated in the inner cylinder and fall in the inner cylinder.

Abstract: An artificial snow making apparatus has a vertical inner cylinder, an outer tank around said inner cylinder, an air velocity adjusting duct connected between the top and an intermediate portion of the inner cylinder for causing air to flow therethrough from the top of the inner cylinder and to flow upwardly in the inner cylinder. The duct has a fan therein for adjusting the velocity of the air flowing therethrough for thereby adjusting the velocity of the air flowing in the inner cylinder. A cloud making machine and a seeding device are connected directly to the vertical inner cylinder at positions between the top and the intermediate portion. A cooling unit is provided for cooling air in the outer tank, thereby cooling the inner cylinder. A blower apparatus draws air from the outer tank, adjusts the temperature to the temperature of the air inside the inner cylinder and directs it downwardly into the inner cylinder below the intermediate portion.

Abstract: A televising apparatus is provided in a chamber of a snowfall testing system in which various testing conditions may be varied which effect the characteristics of particles of snow generated in the chamber. The televising apparatus has a television camera with an object lens for televising the particles of snow falling in the chamber, and a film feeder for feeding a transparent film, onto which the particles fall, past the object lens. A television camera transfer unit moves the television camera and object lens relative to the transparent film such that the particles falling thereon may be properly and fully televised. Furthermore, a focus regulator is used to move the film feeder and film relative to (toward and away) from the object lens so that the particles falling on the film may be focused. By televising the particles, results of the testing conditions are obtained which can be used to determine the effects of the testing conditions in generating snow within the chamber.

Abstract: A snow generating and snowfall apparatus has a snowfall chamber having in a top wall thereof an opening, a vertically extending cooling tower having the bottom mounted on the top wall and surrounding the opening, a air first cooler connected to the tower for cooling the air in the tower, an inner cylinder positioned in the cooling tower and extending in the lengthwise direction thereof and having a bottom end opening connected to the opening in the top wall, a circulating passage connecting the top end of the inner cylinder and a lower end portion thereof to each other, a variable speed blower in an intermediate portion of the circulating passage, a humidifier connected to the lower portion of the inner cylinder for feeding water vapor into the inner cylinder in the vicinity of the lower end thereof, and a snow generating material feeder connected to the inner cylinder in the vicinity of the humidifer for feeding a snow-generating material consisting of ice crystals into the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A scale device for use in judging the amount of discoloration or fading, or for judging the amount of staining, of a sample after a test of the sample for light fastness of dyeing or resistance to staining. The scale device has a plurality of scales of the same color having a plurality of patches with one portion of each patch having the same luminous reflectance and the other portions of the respective patches having successively varied luminous reflectances so as to give to the patches progressive values of color difference. The luminous reflectance of the one portions of the patches of each scale are different from the luminous reflectances of the one patches of the other scales. Four of the scales are arranged in a rhombic arrangement and the remainder of the scales are in a cross shape within the rhombic arrangement.

Abstract: A method of expanding the regions in which conversion of color values in the CIE notation system to values in the Munsell notation system can be made. On a conventional Munsell chromaticity diagram having equi-hue lines and equi-chroma loci and superimposed on a CIE set of coordinates in a conventional conversion diagram, the respective equi-hue lines are extended outwardly from the outermost equi-chroma locus in a direction in alignment with respective lines connecting the respective intersections of the outermost equi-chroma locus with the respective equi-hue lines and the intersections of the next inward equi-chroma locus with the respective equi-hue lines, the extension being to points along the extended equi-hue lines which are integral multiples of a value d which is equal to .sqroot.(x.sub.1 -x.sub.2).sup.2 +(y.sub.1 -y.sub.2).sup.2 where x.sub.1 and y.sub.1 are the CIE notation values of the points of intersection of the respective equi-hue lines and the outermost equi-chroma locus, and x.sub.2 and y.

Abstract: A carbon electrode for an arc lamp comprising a plurality of carbon rods joined together in desired length by use of an adhesive comprising metal or carbon powder or mixture thereof and method for preparation of said electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is a color displaying apparatus for display and comparison of the chromaticity and brightness of colors. The chromaticity chart and brightness scale positions of colors having known x-y-Y values set into the apparatus are automatically displayed. In conjunction with a color meter, the chromaticity chart and brightness scale positions of an unknown sample color are automatically displayed. Using graphic memory means and numerical display devices, the chromaticity chart and brightness scale positions and the x-y-Y values of two or more colors can be compared.

Abstract: A corrosion testing machine having a cell within which specimens are to be subjected to corrosion testing; a spraying tower in the center of the cell and having means therein for producing a spray of a testing liquid extending in all directions from the top of the tower; a supporting column within the cell and rotatably mounted for rotation around the spraying tower; a motor coupled to the supporting column for rotating the column around the spraying tower; and an annular frame mounted on the supporting column around the spray tower having supports for supporting test pieces thereof in an inwardly and downwardly inclined position with the surfaces to be tested facing inwardly and upwardly toward the top of the spray tower. In the machine the spray of the testing liquid is evenly applied to the surface of the specimens to be tested.