Abstract: Techniques and apparatus for determining quality of experience (QoE) for wireless communications are described. One technique involves transmitting a QoE support message to an access point (AP) within an access network. The QoE support message queries whether the AP supports providing key performance indicators (KPI(s)) indicative of QoE provided by the access network. An indication of whether the AP supports providing the KPI(s) is received in response to the QoE support message. The KPI(s) are received when the AP supports providing the KPI(s). A determination is made whether to communicate with the AP based at least in part on the KPI(s). Communications are then performed in accordance with the determination.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to BIER forwarding over varying BSL domains, the methods including the steps of receiving, at a border node, a packet comprising a BIER header having a BIER bit string with a first bit string length; reading an incoming label of the packet comprising instructions to split the BIER header into a plurality of smaller headers associated with a plurality of smaller bit strings; generating a set of split bit masks; performing a separate bitwise AND operation on each split bit mask and the BIER bit string to generate the plurality of smaller bit strings, each copied to a corresponding smaller header of the plurality of smaller headers; and performing a lookup for each of the plurality of smaller headers on a respective forwarding table to determine one or more egress routers to which to transmit the packet.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for providing integrity verified paths using only integrity validated pods of nodes. A network service mesh (NSM) associated with a first pod may locally generate a nonce and provide the nonce to the first pod, where the request includes a request for an attestation token. Using the nonce, the first pod may generate the attestation token and reply back to the NSM. The NSM may generate a second request for an attestation token and forward it to a NSE pod, where the request includes a second locally generated nonce generated by the NSM. The NSE pod may generate the second attestation token using the second nonce and reply back to the NSM. The NSM may then have the attestation tokens verified or validated by a certificate authority (CA) server. The NSM may thus instantiate an integrity verified path between the first pod and the NSE pod.

Abstract: Techniques for utilizing a cloud service to compute an end-to-end SLA-aware path using dynamic software-defined cloud interconnect (SDCI) tunnels between a user device and an access point-of-presence (POP) node and inter-POP tunnels of the SDCI. The cloud service may include a performance aware path instantiation (PAPI) component including a POP database for storing performance metrics associated with the POPs of the SDCI, an enterprise policy database for storing user specific policies, and/or a path computation component. The path computation component may compute the path, based on the user specific policies, performance metrics associated with the POP nodes, and/or real-time contextual data associated with the user device and/or destination device. The path may include a first tunnel between the user device and the most optimal access POP node of the SDCI and a second tunnel between the access POP node, through the internal POP nodes, and to the destination device.

Abstract: Aspects described herein include a method and related network device and computer program product. The method includes authenticating an identity of a user of a client device associated with an access network provider. Authenticating the identity of the user includes receiving, from an identity provider, a credential associated with the identity and information identifying a network-based security service to be provided to the client device. The method further includes establishing, using the credential and the received information, a secure connection between the access network provider and a security service provider that is capable of providing the network-based security service to the client device.

Abstract: First data indicative of information that a packet is part of a DDoS attack is received at a management network device. A DDoS remediation network device to be used for remediation of packets associated with the DDoS attack is determined from the first data. Second data, indicative of the DDoS attack and indicative of the DDoS remediation network device, is transmitted from the management network device to an edge network device. The second data is configured to cause the edge network device to route packets associated with the DDoS attack to the DDoS remediation network device.

Abstract: In one example, a responder obtains an Operations, Administration, and Management/Maintenance (OAM) probe packet from a network entity operating as an initiator in a network, provides, to the initiator, a first response to the OAM probe packet over a first network path in the network, and further provides, to the initiator, a second response to the OAM probe packet over a second network path in the network that is different from the first network path. In another example, an initiator provides an OAM probe packet to a network entity operating as responder in a network, obtains, from the responder, a first response to the OAM probe packet over a first network path in the network, and further obtains, from the responder, a second response to the OAM probe packet over a second network path in the network that is different from the first network path.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the disclosure, a particular networking device located in a ring of networking devices of a network receives an indication from a supervisory service that the particular networking device has been designated a ring manager for the ring of networking devices. The particular networking device determines that the supervisory service is unreachable by the ring of networking devices. The particular networking device obtains telemetry data regarding a new device connected to the ring of networking devices. The particular networking device onboards, based on the telemetry data, the new device to the network, when the supervisory service is unreachable by the ring of networking devices.

Abstract: Technologies for proving packet transit through uncompromised nodes are provided. An example method can include receiving a packet including one or more metadata elements generated based on security measurements from a plurality of nodes along a path of the packet; determining a validity of the one or more metadata elements based on a comparison of one or more values in the one or more metadata elements with one or more expected values calculated for the one or more metadata elements, one or more signatures in the one or more metadata elements, and/or timing information associated with the one or more metadata elements; and based on the one or more metadata elements, determining whether the packet traversed any compromised nodes along the path of the packet.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for monitoring expected behavior of devices in a computing network. Behavior of network devices may include performing various functions associated with transferring data packets through the computing network. Monitoring expected behavior may include sending a probe packet into the computing network, and determining whether network devices behave as expected with respect to the probe packet. In some examples, behaviors such as replicating, forwarding, eliminating, ordering, and/or other functions regarding data packets may be validated using the present techniques. As computing networks and/or operations become more complex, assuring the expected behavior of network devices may become more important for the continued efficient, smooth, successful, and/or timely flow of data traffic.

Abstract: A method of orchestrating one or more radio resources among various services executing within a container. The method includes obtaining, by an orchestration engine executing on a network device, a request, from a first service of a plurality of services, for use of a physical/hardware resource that connects a container running on the network device to a network. The request from the first service has a particular priority. The plurality of services execute within the container. The method further includes determining whether to connect the first service to the network via the physical/hardware resource based on the priority and an availability status of the physical/hardware resource and establishing, at a kernel level, a connection between the first service and the physical/hardware resource based on the determining.

Abstract: In one illustrative example, a user plane (UP) entity for use in a mobile network may receive a data packet from a user equipment (UE) operative to communicate in one or more sessions via a serving base station (BS) (e.g. eNB or gNB) of the mobile network. The UP entity may detect, in a header (e.g. SRH) of the data packet, an identifier indicating a new serving BS or session of the UE. The identifier may be UE- or BS-added data (e.g. iOAM data) that is inserted in the header by the UE or BS. In response, the UP entity may cause a message to be sent to an analytics function (e.g. a NWDAF) to perform analytics for session or flow migration for the UE.

Abstract: In one embodiment, segment routing (SR) network processing of packets is performed which includes operations signaling and processing of packets in manners providing processing and/or memory efficiencies. One embodiment includes acquiring a segment routing particular packet by a particular router in a network. Responsive to the particular router data plane ascertained during fast path processing by a fast path processing unit that the segment routing particular packet is to be Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) processed by a different processing unit in the particular router, communicating a time stamp of a current time and the segment routing particular packet including a segment routing header that includes OAM signaling from said fast path processing to the different processing unit, with fast path processing being hardware-based packet processing by the fast path processing unit. The segment routing particular packet is OAM processing by the different processing unit.

Abstract: Examples of analyzing documents are defined. In an example, a request to analyze a document may be received. A knowledge model corresponding to a guideline associated with the document may be obtained. The knowledge model may include at least one of a hypothetical question and a logical flow to determine an inference to the hypothetical question. The hypothetical question relates to an element of the guideline. Based on the knowledge model, data from the document may be extracted for analysis using an artificial intelligence (AI) component. The Ai component may be configured to extract and analyze data, based on the knowledge model. Based on the analysis, a report indicating whether the document falls within a purview of the guideline may be generated.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for hybrid rendering of video/graphics content by a graphics processing unit. The apparatus can configure the graphics processing unit of a display apparatus to perform multiple rendering passes for a frame of a scene to be displayed on a display device. Moreover, the apparatus can control the graphics processing unit to perform a first rendering pass of the multiple rendering passes to generate a first render target that is stored in either an on-chip graphics memory of the GPU or a system of the display apparatus. The apparatus can also control the graphics processing unit to perform a second rendering pass to generate a second render target that is alternatively stored in the system memory of the display apparatus or on-chip graphics memory of the GPU.

Abstract: A network device receives a data packet including a source address and a destination address. The network device drops the data packet before it reaches the destination address and generates an error message indicating that the data packet has been dropped. The network device encapsulates the error message with a segment routing header comprising a list of segments. The first segment of the list of segments in the segment routing header identifies a remote server, and at least one additional segment is an instruction for handling the error message. The network device sends the encapsulated error message to the remote server based on the first segment of the segment routing header.

Abstract: A node of a network configured to forward packets based on network programming instructions encoded in the packets, performs a method. The method includes generating a probe packet encoded with a replication network programming instruction. The replication network programming instruction is configured to validate equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing in the network from the node to a destination by remotely triggering transit nodes of the network, that are traversed by the probe packet, to each perform replicate-and-forward actions. The replicate-and-forward actions include: identifying ECMP paths toward the destination; generating, for the ECMP paths, replicated probe packets that each include the replication network programming instruction; and forwarding the replicated probe packets along the ECMP paths. The method further includes forwarding the probe packet toward the destination.

Abstract: In at least some implementations, an energy absorbing member for a vehicle includes an engine cover adapted to be mounted beneath a vehicle hood and to overlie at least part of an engine, and an upper member coupled to the engine cover. The upper member is cantilevered to the engine cover wherein the upper member has a base coupled to the engine cover and a free end spaced from the base, and the upper member is flexible and a first portion of the upper member spaced from the base and including the free end is movable relative to the base.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable media for validating data in a data structure used for forwarding packets by a network device comprising sending a data packet probe identifying a destination and including a segment ID, wherein the segment ID maps to a first interpretation by a receiving router to perform an action on the data packet probe to rewrite a portion of a destination address in a header of the data packet probe, and to redirect the data packet probe to the network device that initiated the data packet probe.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for providing integrity verified paths using only integrity validated pods of nodes. A network service mesh (NSM) associated with a first pod may locally generate a nonce and provide the nonce to the first pod, where the request includes a request for an attestation token. Using the nonce, the first pod may generate the attestation token and reply back to the NSM. The NSM may generate a second request for an attestation token and forward it to a NSE pod, where the request includes a second locally generated nonce generated by the NSM. The NSE pod may generate the second attestation token using the second nonce and reply back to the NSM. The NSM may then have the attestation tokens verified or validated by a certificate authority (CA) server. The NSM may thus instantiate an integrity verified path between the first pod and the NSE pod.