Abstract: The current document is directed to computational systems and methods carried out by the computational systems for propagating a combined source-and-receiver wavefield from a first level to a next, second level with respect to depth, time, or another dimension. The methods and systems, to which the current document is directed, apply an efficient complex, combined-source-and-receiver-wavefield propagation operator to a complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield in order to propagate the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield to the next level. Real source and receiver wavefields at the next, second level can then be extracted from the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield at the next level.

Abstract: The current document is directed to computational systems and methods carried out by the computational systems for propagating a combined source-and-receiver wavefield from a first level to a next, second level with respect to depth, time, or another dimension. The methods and systems, to which the current document is directed, apply an efficient complex, combined-source-and-receiver-wavefield propagation operator to a complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield in order to propagate the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield to the next level. Real source and receiver wavefields at the next, second level can then be extracted from the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield at the next level.

Abstract: Rough sea elevation is estimated from a high-frequency portion of recorded pressure data and recorded vertical velocity component data. Generalized deghosting and datuming operators are constructed, which take into account the estimated rough sea elevation and irregular recording depth conditions. A low-frequency portion of the recorded pressure data is decomposed into up-going and down-going wavefields on a horizontal reference plane, using the generalized datuming and deghosting operators. A low-frequency portion of the vertical velocity component data is reconstructed from the decomposed up-going and down-going wavefields on the horizontal reference plane, using the generalized datuming and deghosting operators.

Abstract: The current document is directed to computational systems and methods carried out by the computational systems for propagating a combined source-and-receiver wavefield from a first level to a next, second level with respect to depth, time, or another dimension. The methods and systems, to which the current document is directed, apply an efficient complex, combined-source-and-receiver-wavefield propagation operator to a complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield in order to propagate the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield to the next level. Real source and receiver wavefields at the next, second level can then be extracted from the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield at the next level.

Abstract: The current application is directed to computational systems and methods carried out by the computational systems for characterizing and/or imaging subsurface features based on digitally encoded data collected during exploration-seismology experiments. In particular, the current application is directed to computationally efficient methods and systems for processing data collected across a two-dimensional surface to produce, by stepwise propagation, a digitally encoded, stored-data representation of a three-dimensional pressure wavefield that is used in many different applications. In certain applications, the stored-data representation of a three-dimensional pressure wavefield is used, along with initial values and a portion of the boundary conditions, to solve for unknown portions of boundary conditions, including the structures and distributions of subsurface features and materials.

Abstract: Rough sea elevation is estimated from a high-frequency portion of recorded pressure data and recorded vertical velocity component data. Generalized deghosting and datuming operators are constructed, which take into account the estimated rough sea elevation and irregular recording depth conditions. A low-frequency portion of the recorded pressure data is decomposed into up-going and down-going wavefields on a horizontal reference plane, using the generalized datuming and deghosting operators. A low-frequency portion of the vertical velocity component data is reconstructed from the decomposed up-going and down-going wavefields on the horizontal reference plane, using the generalized datuming and deghosting operators.

Abstract: Time slices of seismic data are transformed from rectangular space-time domain to cylindrical space-time domain. 2-D seismic migration is performed on the transformed data for each radial direction. Slices of the migrated data are inverse transformed back to the rectangular space-time domain, generated migrated 3-D data for generally inhomogeneous media.

Abstract: Marine towed streamer seismic data are combined from a first survey and a second survey, wherein the first survey and the second survey are shot with a bin size of L×L and the second survey is shot with a shooting direction rotated 90° relative to the shooting direction of the first survey. The combined seismic data from the first and second surveys are binned on a bin grid with a bin size of L 2 × L 2 and with a bin grid orientation rotated 45° relative to the shooting directions of the first and second surveys. Then, seismic data processing is applied to the binned seismic data to create an image of the Earth's subsurface.

Abstract: Marine towed streamer seismic data are combined from a first survey and a second survey, wherein the first survey and the second survey are shot with a bin size of L×L and the second survey is shot with a shooting direction rotated 90° relative to the shooting direction of the first survey. The combined seismic data from the first and second surveys are binned on a bin grid with a bin size of L 2 × L 2 and with a bin grid orientation rotated 45° relative to the shooting directions of the first and second surveys. Then, seismic data processing is applied to the binned seismic data to create an image of the Earth's subsurface.

Abstract: Time slices of seismic data are transformed from rectangular space-time domain to cylindrical space-time domain. 2-D seismic migration is performed on the transformed data for each radial direction. Slices of the migrated data are inverse transformed back to the rectangular space-time domain, generated migrated 3-D data for generally inhomogeneous media.