Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for small data transmission (SDT) procedure using configured grant (CG) resources. One method includes transmitting, to the network entity, an initial configured grant small data transmission of a SDT procedure using a configured uplink grant for small data transmission. The method includes suppressing the processing of subsequent configured uplink grants allocated for small data transmission for an initial new transmission of subsequent uplink data of the SDT procedure. The method includes receiving confirmation of the initial configured grant small data transmission. The method includes processing a subsequent configured uplink grant allocated for small data transmission for the initial new transmission of subsequent uplink data of the SDT procedure in response to receiving the confirmation of the initial configured grant small data transmission.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a thesis plagiarism detection method performed by a computing system. The thesis plagiarism detection method may comprise acquiring figure data for a target thesis, the figure data including images and text, acquiring first feature data for the figure data by applying the figure data to a first machine learning model, determining whether a thesis associated with second feature data having a similarity above a predetermined threshold with the acquired first feature data is found and determining the target thesis as a plagiarized thesis when it is determined that the thesis associated with the second feature data is found.

Abstract: Cathodes and lithium secondary batteries including the cathodes are disclosed. In some implementations, a cathode may include a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer disposed on the cathode current collector and including cathode active material particles such that the cathode active material layer satisfies a specific equation. The cathode active material particles may include lithium metal oxide particles that include nickel, and may have a mole fraction of cobalt of 0.02 or less with respect to all elements except for lithium and oxygen.

Abstract: An operation mode from a plurality of operation modes can be determined (310) based on at least one traffic type originated from a UE. The plurality of operation modes can include at least one group operation mode and an individual operation mode. The at least one group operation mode can support a plurality of UEs grouped into a group of UEs. The at least one group operation mode can support at least one network entity communicating associated messages with the group of UEs including the UE. The associated messages can be associated with the group of UEs. A network entity can be informed (320) of the determined operation mode.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery has a structure of a lithium transition metal oxide. A ratio of a crystallite size of a (003) plane to a crystallite size of a (110) plane measured by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is in a range from 0.7 to 2.0, and a ratio of the crystallite size of the (003) plane to a crystallite size of a (104) plane measured by the XRD analysis is in a range from 0.7 to 2.0. A cathode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery include the cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: An anode for a lithium secondary battery according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes an anode current collector, a first anode active material layer formed on at least one surface of the anode current collector and including first pores, a second anode active material layer formed on the first anode active material layer and including artificial graphite and second pores, wherein a difference between the first pore aspect ratio and the second pore aspect ratio is 0.5 to 3.0.

Abstract: Proposed are a substrate support unit and a heat treatment device including the same. More particularly, proposed is a technology that controls a gas flow flowing over the surface of a substrate by using a pin assembly capable of adjusting inclination of the substrate, controls heat treatment of the substrate by differently supplying heat to each area of the substrate, and rapidly lowers the temperature of a substrate processing space and the substrate by using a cooling unit.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a radio access network (RAN) node and/or associated network function to adapt the size of an ID filter mask based on limitations of an ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) radio interface at the time of a requested AIoT operation (e.g., an inventory procedure). For example, the RAN node may receive an ID filter mask within a request message, transmit assistance information back to a requesting function that includes an indication of an allowable size for the ID filter mask, and receive an updated, modified, or new ID filter mask having an allowable size for the AIoT radio interface.

Abstract: A cathode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The cathode includes a cathode active material layer including a cathode active material and a conductive material, and having a Raman R1 value represented by A1D/A1G and measured on a surface of the cathode active material layer in a range from 1.5 and 4.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a UE that receives a group RRC release message that is based on a group mobility configuration, the group RRC release message intended for communication to a group of multiple UEs. The UE can switch to a RRC inactive state based in part on a determination that a RRC connection suspend configuration directed to the UE is included in the group RRC release message. The UE can switch to a RRC idle state based in part on a determination that the RRC connection suspend configuration is not included in the group RRC release message. A network entity can generate the group RRC release message with the group mobility configuration, and the group RRC release message is intended for communication to the group of multiple UEs. The network entity can then transmit the group RRC release message to the group of multiple UEs.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for a conditional reconfiguration corresponding to handover (“HO”) to a target cell. One method includes receiving, at a user equipment (“UE”), a conditional reconfiguration including at least one set of reconfiguration parameters. Each set of reconfiguration parameters of the at least one set of reconfiguration parameters corresponds to each candidate target cell of at least one candidate target cell. The method includes acquiring a system information block (“SIB”) type of a source cell. The SIB type is associated with a candidate target cell of the at least one candidate target cell. The method includes performing a HO to the candidate target cell in response to an execution condition associated with the candidate target cell being fulfilled and the SIB type being associated with the candidate target cell being acquired.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes a preprocessing circuit configured to obtain context information related to a user location, a learning circuit configured to determine a predicted user movement based on context information related to a user location to obtain a predicted route and to determine predicted radio conditions along the predicted route, and a decision circuit configured to, based on the predicted radio conditions, identify one or more first areas expected to have a first type of radio conditions and one or more second areas expected to have a second type of radio conditions different from the first type of radio conditions and to control radio activity while traveling on the predicted route according to the one or more first areas and the one or more second areas.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a user equipment (UE), operating as a reader device for one or more ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices, transmitting assistance information to a base station. The base station, using the assistance information, may configure, or reconfigure the UE, to optimally perform AIoT reader operations for the AIoT devices, such as command procedures and/or inventory procedures.

Abstract: Provided is a separator having an intensity ratio of peaks corresponding to a (020) plane and a (110) plane in an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis graph of 2.6 to 5.7. The separator according to an embodiment has excellent stability at high temperature by satisfying the peak intensity ratio of the XRD analysis graph.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a genetic biocontainment technology to prevent theft or misuse of biological resources (e.g., nucleic acid molecule, plasmid or microbial strain containing the nucleic acid molecule, or sequence information associated with the nucleic acid molecule) using a quadruplet codon and decoding system thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a system or a microbial strain comprising a nucleic acid molecule in which a triplet codon encoding a specific amino acid in a nucleic acid sequence has been replaced with a quadruplet codon, wherein genetic biocontainment occurs in an environment where tRNA for the quadruplet codon does not exist, and a method using the same. The present invention also relates to a biocontainment method to protect sequence information using a quadruplet codon.

Abstract: In a method for preparing lithium sulfide, a solid sulfur layer and a lithium source layer are sequentially arranged in a reactor. A gas feed is injected into the reactor in a single direction to obtain a lithium sulfide-containing product. The lithium sulfide-containing product is dissolved in an anhydrous solvent to form a lithium sulfide-containing solution. Lithium sulfide is separated from the lithium sulfide-containing solution. The gas feed sequentially passes through the solid sulfur layer and the lithium source layer, such that high-purity lithium sulfide may be efficiently prepared.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a user equipment (UE) that detects, while in a radio resource control inactive state and optionally while in a small data transmission session, that beam information is to be reported to a base station. This detection is performed based on some criteria, such as the current (serving) downlink beam quality dropping below a threshold amount. In response to detecting that beam information is to be reported to the base station, the UE initiates a random access procedure in order to provide the beam information (e.g., one or more candidate beams to switch to) to the base station. This beam information notifies the base station to change to a new serving beam due to, for example, the quality of the current serving beam dropping because of movement of the UE, blockages between the UE and the base station, and so forth.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a user equipment (UE) that performs beam management while in a radio resource control inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state. In one or more implementations, while in the RRC_INACTIVE state, the UE triggers generation of beam information for a base station. This beam information indicates a new serving beam on which, for example, a paging message is to be received from the base station. The UE generates and transmits the beam information to the base station.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to selection of apparatus for sidelink positioning. A user equipment (UE) (e.g., a sidelink positioning target UE) receives from a first apparatus a first sidelink positioning protocol message including information for selecting a first set of one or more second apparatus for sidelink positioning. The UE can select from the first set of one or more second apparatus, a subset of the one or more second apparatus for sidelink positioning. The UE can transmit, to the first apparatus, a second sidelink positioning protocol message comprising information pertaining to the subset of the one or more second apparatus that can be used for determining a position of the UE.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) is provided. The method is performed by a first UE. The method includes receiving, from a NodeB, an acknowledge configuration indicating an HARQ scheme of the first UE and uplink resource for the HARQ scheme; determining whether an acknowledgement for a data block associated with a first downlink control information (DCI) is to be transmitted according to the HARQ scheme.