Abstract: An apparatus for raising the temperature of superheated steam includes an inlet into which superheated steam is introduced, a body to raise the temperature of the superheated steam heated by an external heat source and introduced through the inlet, and an outlet provided inside the body and discharging the superheated steam temperature-raised by the body to the outside, in which an inner surface of a sidewall of the body is formed with an inner protrusion for heating the superheated steam while spirally rotating the superheated steam. The Apparatus enhances the flow of superheated steam in the process of raising the temperature by further heating superheated steam caused by waste heat generated in a waste combustion apparatus or the like, and at the same time, increases the area of contact of the superheated steam with a heat source to improve the temperature-raising efficiency.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring miscibility in oil using back titration. The apparatus includes: a flocculation solution storage unit; a flow cell including a UV transmitting member; a dissolving agent storage unit; a UV irradiation unit; and a measurement unit, wherein: a flocculation solution is stored in the flocculation solution storage unit; the flocculation solution circulates between the flocculation solution storage unit and the flow cell; the measurement unit measures the UV transmittance of the flocculation solution while the dissolving agent in the dissolving agent storage unit is supplied to the flocculation solution storage unit; the miscibility in the oil is calculated from the amount of dissolving agent supplied and a change in the UV transmittance measured by the measurement unit; and the miscibility is calculated based on a time point when the slope of increase in the UV transmittance changes.

Abstract: An apparatus for raising the temperature of superheated steam includes an inlet into which superheated steam is introduced, a body to raise the temperature of the superheated steam heated by an external heat source and introduced through the inlet, and an outlet provided inside the body and discharging the superheated steam temperature-raised by the body to the outside, in which an inner surface of a sidewall of the body is formed with an inner protrusion for heating the superheated steam while spirally rotating the superheated steam. The Apparatus enhances the flow of superheated steam in the process of raising the temperature by further heating superheated steam caused by waste heat generated in a waste combustion apparatus or the like, and at the same time, increases the area of contact of the superheated steam with a heat source to improve the temperature-raising efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a method of economically modifying low rank coal (LRC) to be high grade coal having minimized water re-absorption and minimized spontaneous ignition possibility while saving energy by coating heavy oil directly on coal without using solvent oil. Provides is a method of modifying coal using palm oil residue, including milling the coal, homogenously mixing the palm oil residue with the milled coal, melting the palm oil residue mixed with the coal so as to be coated on a surface of the coal, and simultaneously drying moisture in the coal, cooling the dried coal, and briquetting the cooled coal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a metal catalyst having improved yield of alcohols. The method for preparing a metal catalyst for the production of alcohol from synthesis gas includes forming a metal catalyst; and irradiating the metal catalyst with gamma rays. The metal catalyst has improved yield of alcohols by stabilizing the metal catalyst through gamma ray irradiation to inhibit generation of hydrocarbons in catalytic reaction with synthesis gas.

Abstract: Provided is a method of economically modifying low rank coal (LRC) to be high grade coal having minimized water re-absorption and minimized spontaneous ignition possibility while saving energy by coating heavy oil directly on coal without using solvent oil. Provides is a method of modifying coal using palm oil residue, including milling the coal, homogenously mixing the palm oil residue with the milled coal, melting the palm oil residue mixed with the coal so as to be coated on a surface of the coal, and simultaneously drying moisture in the coal, cooling the dried coal, and briquetting the cooled coal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a metal catalyst having improved yield of alcohols. The method for preparing a metal catalyst for the production of alcohol from synthesis gas includes forming a metal catalyst; and irradiating the metal catalyst with gamma rays. The metal catalyst has improved yield of alcohols by stabilizing the metal catalyst through gamma ray irradiation to inhibit generation of hydrocarbons in catalytic reaction with synthesis gas.