Abstract: A circuit board according to an embodiment includes an insulating layer having a concave portion on an upper surface thereof; a first circuit pattern layer disposed in the concave portion of the insulating layer; and a protective layer disposed on the first circuit pattern layer; wherein the first circuit pattern layer includes: a first metal layer, and a second metal layer disposed on the first metal layer to fill a stepped portion between an upper surface of the first metal layer and an upper surface of the insulating layer, and the protective layer includes an opening overlapping the second metal layer in a vertical direction.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material precursor includes Ni and Mn and secondary particles formed by the aggregation of a plurality of primary particles. The secondary particles have a ratio of a core area to a total area of the particles ranging from 28.7% to 34.1%, and a porosity ranging from 11.3% to 11.7%. Also provided is a method for preparing the positive electrode active material precursor. Additionally, a positive electrode active material including a reaction product of the positive electrode active material precursor and a lithium raw material is provided. Also provided is a method for preparing a positive electrode active material using the positive electrode active material precursor.

Abstract: There are provided a device-to-device communication method, a mobile device using the same, and a device-to-device communication control method. The device-to-device communication method according to the invention may include receiving device-to-device communication resource allocation information and transmission characteristics information for device-to-device communication from a base station, and performing direct communication with an opposite terminal using the transmission characteristics information for device-to-device communication and the device-to-device communication resource allocation information, in which the transmission characteristics information includes the number of redundancy versions to be transmitted within at least one consecutive transmission time interval (TTI).

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for managing a cloud virtual base station system. The present invention includes setting initial resources and driving or downloading an execution file or environment file of the cloud virtual base station system and monitoring or managing a state for a failure, radio resources, or the execution file or the environment file of the cloud virtual base station system.

Abstract: Provided is a beam forming device. The beam forming device of the present invention may feedback power-amplified signals to perform digital pre-distortion for improving the non-linearity of an analog element in a digital signal process terminal and control a phase for forming a beam. Therefore, the beam forming device that can form an accurate beam may be realized.

Abstract: A carrier aggregation-based interference control method and apparatus for small base stations are disclosed. The present invention comprises setting a primary component carrier (PCC) as a first carrier and setting a secondary component carrier (SCC) as a second carrier, monitoring a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the first carrier or the second carrier, and determining whether the SINR of the first carrier is smaller than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Provided is a link adaptation transmission and reception method in device-to-device (D2D) communication based on cellular mobile communication. An operation method of a terminal in the link adaptation method according to the present invention includes receiving information related to a first transmission through a D2D link, performing transmission for an opposite terminal using the information related to the first transmission, and determining information related to a second transmission after the transmission based on reception from the opposite terminal. Using the link adaptation method according to the present invention, an adaptive modulation and coding scheme may be provided at the time of data transmission on a D2D link while minimizing control of a base station, thereby reducing the complexity of a cellular network due to the D2D communication.

Abstract: A method for setting synchronization between terminals performing device-to-device (D2D) communication based on a cellular communication system is disclosed. The method for setting synchronization between terminals includes receiving a message instructing synchronization setting with an opposite terminal from a base station, selecting a first preamble transmitted for a synchronization setting with the opposite terminal based on the message instructing synchronization setting, transmitting the selected first preamble to the opposite terminal, receiving a second preamble from the opposite terminal, and setting the synchronization with the opposite terminal using a reception timing of the second preamble when the second preamble is a preamble designated in the message instructing synchronization setting.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inter-cell interference control method and apparatus. The inter-cell interference control method includes providing handover request information including interference information to a source base station, receiving handover completion information in accordance with the handover request information from at least one of the source base station and a target base station, and receiving interference control information in accordance with the interference information from the target base station. According to the present invention, inter-cell interference may be efficiently controlled, and overall performance of a network may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is an advertising service method using D2D communication for efficiently using limited radio resources and control channel resources. The advertising service method includes setting a D2D common bearer with a network, receiving advertising terminal information from at least one other advertising terminal through the D2D common bearer, registering the advertising terminal in the network, transmitting advertising information to the at least one other advertising terminal and a user terminal through the D2D common bearer, and setting a user terminal and a D2D dedicated bearer on the basis of information received from the network. Accordingly, an advertisement can be easily transmitted to a plurality of user terminals which were not previously connected, and a collision between advertising terminals which are located in plurality in a specific area and transmit advertisements can be avoided.

Abstract: A method of providing service continuity between cellular communication and device-to-device communication is disclosed. A procedure for switching between cellular communication and device-to-device communication according to an example embodiment of the present invention may include transferring, by a gateway, a D2D bearer creation request message to an MME, transferring, by the MME, the D2D bearer creation request message to a base station, mapping, by the base station, D2D bearer QoS to D2D radio bearer QoS and transmitting an RRC connection reconfiguration message to terminals, receiving, by the base station, an RRC connection reconfiguration completion message indicating creation of a D2D radio bearer from the terminals, transmitting, by the base station, a D2D bearer creation response message indicating creation of a D2D bearer to the MME, and transferring, by the MME, the D2D bearer creation response message to the gateway.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method of performing coordinated multipoint transmission and reception in an overlaid cellular system in which a first base station and a second base station overlay each other, the method comprising performing a handover using a coordinated multi-point transmission and reception scheme based on Channel State Indicator-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) information of user equipment by the first and second base stations.

Abstract: Provided is a method of managing mobility of a user equipment. The method includes: establishing by a first base station a communication with the user equipment; transmitting by the first base station a Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP) addition request to a second base station; establishing by the first and second base stations a CoMP communication with the user equipment according to the CoMP addition request; transmitting by the first base station an anchor cell change request to the second base station; and operating the second base station as an anchor cell of the CoMP communication according to the anchor cell switch request.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a cloud virtual base station system are disclosed. The present invention comprises configuring an initial resource and reconfiguring the resource to add or remove a resource of an execution file of the cloud virtual base station system, monitoring an error of the cloud virtual base station system, a wireless resource, a status of the execution file, or a configuration status of the reconfigured resource, managing configuration information of a list of software added or removed during an operation, controlling the cloud virtual base station system in a predetermined specific mode, managing hardware information, file information, or control information of each module of the cloud virtual base station system, and managing the execution file for each module of the cloud virtual base station system by adding or removing the predetermined specific mode initially or during an operation.

Abstract: A method for managing neighbor cell interference comprises: a step of measuring inter-cell interference control information by subframe units; and a step of transmitting the inter-cell interference control information measured by subframe units, to at least one neighbor cell for each of the subframes. The interference management method of the present invention dynamically performs neighbor cell interference management under the condition where neighbor cell interference changes in terms of time, thus improving performance of a system. Further, the interference management method of the present invention maps a wireless resource property pattern to a cell ID. Consequently, the system adopting the method of the present invention exhibits excellent performance in any environment.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operating method of a base station which includes searching user equipment, having a machine to machine (hereinafter, referred to as M2M) communication function, from user equipment under communication; sending an M2M call setup request to the searched user equipment; sending a handover call setup request to the remaining user equipment from among the user equipment under communication; and entering a power-saving mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a short range wireless communication device for providing an application service based on an area. In particular, an apparatus for providing an application service based on an area in a small cell including a femtocell base station or a WiFi Access Point, the apparatus including a communication unit to receive a list of application services from an Application Service Provisioning Server, select and download at least one application service from the received list, an application service database to store the at least one downloaded application service, a service controller to install the at least one downloaded application service, or uninstall an installed application service, a user equipment access detector to detect a user equipment entering or exiting a service area, and a user equipment database to store an identifier and information of the user equipment entering or exiting the service area.

Abstract: A method for setting synchronization between terminals performing device-to-device (D2D) communication based on a cellular communication system is disclosed. The method for setting synchronization between terminals includes receiving a message instructing synchronization setting with an opposite terminal from a base station, selecting a first preamble transmitted for a synchronization setting with the opposite terminal based on the message instructing synchronization setting, transmitting the selected first preamble to the opposite terminal, receiving a second preamble from the opposite terminal, and setting the synchronization with the opposite terminal using a reception timing of the second preamble when the second preamble is a preamble designated in the message instructing synchronization setting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a cloud virtual base station system are disclosed. The present invention comprises configuring an initial resource and reconfiguring the resource to add or remove a resource of an execution file of the cloud virtual base station system, monitoring an error of the cloud virtual base station system, a wireless resource, a status of the execution file, or a configuration status of the reconfigured resource, managing configuration information of a list of software added or removed during an operation, controlling the cloud virtual base station system in a predetermined specific mode, managing hardware information, file information, or control information of each module of the cloud virtual base station system, and managing the execution file for each module of the cloud virtual base station system by adding or removing the predetermined specific mode initially or during an operation.

Abstract: A carrier aggregation-based interference control method and apparatus for small base stations are disclosed. The present invention comprises setting a primary component carrier (PCC) as a first carrier and setting a secondary component carrier (SCC) as a second carrier, monitoring a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the first carrier or the second carrier, and determining whether the SINR of the first carrier is smaller than a predetermined threshold.