Abstract: A display apparatus including a light-emitting device and a method of forming the same are provided. The light-emitting device may be electrically connected to the driving circuit. A first planarization layer may be disposed on the driving circuit, a second planarization layer may be disposed on the first planarization layer, and the light-emitting device may be disposed on the second planarization layer. An upper surface of the second planarization layer toward the light-emitting device may be parallel with a surface of a device substrate supporting the light-emitting device and the driving circuit. Thus, in the display apparatus and the method of forming the same, decreasing the quality of an image due to differences in the generation position of the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be prevented.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition, a food composition, and a health functional food composition for prevention or treatment of colitis including an extract of pyrus ussuriensis or a fermented product of pyrus ussuriensis as an active ingredient, and a treatment method for colitis including administering the pharmaceutical composition to a subject suspected of colitis. The extract of pyrus ussuriensis or the fermented product of pyrus ussuriensis provided by the present disclosure has anti-inflammatory activity that significantly reduces the main symptoms of colitis, while suppressing inflammatory cytokines, thereby it can be widely used in the prevention or treatment of colitis.

Abstract: A touch display apparatus is provided. The touch display apparatus may include an encapsulating unit covering light-emitting devices, a touch sensor on the encapsulating unit, and a black matrix on the touch sensor. The touch sensor may include first touch electrode disposed side by side, first bridge electrodes connecting the first touch electrodes in a first direction, second touch electrodes disposed between the first touch electrodes, and second bridge electrodes connecting the second touch electrode in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second bridge electrodes may cross the first bridge electrodes. The second bridge electrodes may be disposed on a layer different from the second touch electrodes. For example, the second touch electrodes may be disposed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes and the first bridge electrodes.

Abstract: A back-light unit including light-emitting chips and a display apparatus are disclosed. The back-light unit includes a driving voltage line on a substrate, and a ground voltage line spaced apart from the driving voltage line. The light-emitting chips are on a lower insulating layer covering the driving voltage line and the ground voltage line. A driving chip electrically connected to the ground voltage line may be on the substrate. Each of the light-emitting chips may be electrically connected between the driving voltage line and the driving chip by emission connecting lines. A driving dummy pattern and/or a ground dummy pattern is between the light-emitting chips and the emission connecting lines. The driving dummy pattern is electrically connected to the driving voltage line, and the ground dummy pattern is electrically connected to the ground voltage line. Thus, a luminance difference of the light-emitting chips may be prevented or at least reduced.

Abstract: A touch display apparatus is provided. The touch display apparatus may include an encapsulating unit covering light-emitting devices, a touch sensor on the encapsulating unit, and a black matrix on the touch sensor. The touch sensor may include first touch electrode disposed side by side, first bridge electrodes connecting the first touch electrodes in a first direction, second touch electrodes disposed between the first touch electrodes, and second bridge electrodes connecting the second touch electrode in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second bridge electrodes may cross the first bridge electrodes. The second bridge electrodes may be disposed on a layer different from the second touch electrodes. For example, the second touch electrodes may be disposed on the same layer as the first touch electrodes and the first bridge electrodes.

Abstract: A display device including a backlight unit that includes a barrier layer disposed between a light-emitting chip and an electrode pad to reduce the contact area between a solder and the electrode pad due to the barrier layer, so that a portion of the electrode pad overlapping with the barrier layer is left behind without being diffused into the solder, and rework can be performed on a process of mounting the light-emitting chip.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roll-to-roll substrate deposition apparatus which may control the width and length of a deposition area so as to adjust the size of a thin film. The roll-to-roll substrate deposition apparatus includes a deposition area controller disposed between a flexible substrate supplied to the inside of a chamber and a deposition unit supplying a deposition material to the flexible substrate so as to adjust the width and length of a thin film formed of the deposition material on one surface of the flexible substrate.

Abstract: A lighting panel and method of fabricating the same, lighting module, lighting panel, and lighting system are provided. The lighting panel includes a material layer on a substrate; an auxiliary electrode embedded in the material layer; a first electrode on the material layer and electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode; an organic light-emitting layer and a second electrode in an emission portion where the first electrode is provided; and an encapsulation member in the emission portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Discussed is a lighting apparatus having an organic light-emitting element configured as a transparent window and provided with an optical filter to prevent transmission of light when light having an intensity higher than a preset intensity is incident on the lighting apparatus so as to allow the lighting apparatus to be driven in a transparent mode, an opaque mode, and a lighting mode. The organic light-emitting element includes first and second electrodes and an organic emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to emit light when a signal is applied thereto. The organic light-emitting element performs single-side emission or dual-side emission. The optical filter is formed of a photochromic material or an electrochromic material to make the lighting apparatus be opaque so as to adjust the transmissivity of light when the light having the intensity higher than the preset intensity is incident on the lighting apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming a display device. The method includes forming an alignment mark on a front surface of a substrate having a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region, forming an alignment protection pattern on a rear surface of the substrate such that the alignment protection pattern overlaps the alignment mark, and forming a light-shielding member in the non-display region on the rear surface of the substrate such that the light-shielding member forms a boundary with the alignment protection pattern.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of the present disclosure is characterized in that an inner light extraction layer is provided between a substrate and an OLED, and concurrently, a multi-buffer layer, of which a refractive index is gradually changed, is formed on the inner light extraction layer. According to the present disclosure, light extraction due to scattering may be improved by applying the inner light extraction layer, and a waveguide mode may be extracted as light by applying the multi-buffer layer, thereby improving luminous efficiency.

Abstract: A lighting panel and method of fabricating the same, lighting module, lighting panel, and lighting system are provided. The lighting panel includes a material layer on a substrate; an auxiliary electrode embedded in the material layer; a first electrode on the material layer and electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode; an organic light-emitting layer and a second electrode in an emission portion where the first electrode is provided; and an encapsulation member in the emission portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Discussed is a lighting apparatus having an organic light-emitting element configured as a transparent window and provided with an optical filter to prevent transmission of light when light having an intensity higher than a preset intensity is incident on the lighting apparatus so as to allow the lighting apparatus to be driven in a transparent mode, an opaque mode, and a lighting mode. The organic light-emitting element includes first and second electrodes and an organic emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to emit light when a signal is applied thereto. The organic light-emitting element performs single-side emission or dual-side emission. The optical filter is formed of a photochromic material or an electrochromic material to make the lighting apparatus be opaque so as to adjust the transmissivity of light when the light having the intensity higher than the preset intensity is incident on the lighting apparatus.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of the present disclosure is characterized in that an inner light extraction layer is provided between a substrate and an OLED, and concurrently, a multi-buffer layer, of which a refractive index is gradually changed, is formed on the inner light extraction layer. According to the present disclosure, light extraction due to scattering may be improved by applying the inner light extraction layer, and a waveguide mode may be extracted as light by applying the multi-buffer layer, thereby improving luminous efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roll-to-roll substrate deposition apparatus which may control the width and length of a deposition area so as to adjust the size of a thin film. The roll-to-roll substrate deposition apparatus includes a deposition area controller disposed between a flexible substrate supplied to the inside of a chamber and a deposition unit supplying a deposition material to the flexible substrate so as to adjust the width and length of a thin film formed of the deposition material on one surface of the flexible substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device that includes a substrate having an active area and a dead area around the active area; an alignment mark on the inside surface of the substrate in a part of the dead area; and a light-shielding pattern on a rear surface of the substrate in the dead area, the light-shielding pattern including a mark hole for exposing the alignment mark. By providing the light-shielding pattern on a display surface in the dead area, the display device has expanded active display area and improved visual appreciation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device that includes a substrate having an active area and a dead area around the active area; an alignment mark on the inside surface of the substrate in a part of the dead area; and a light-shielding pattern on a rear surface of the substrate in the dead area, the light-shielding pattern including a mark hole for exposing the alignment mark. By providing the light-shielding pattern on a display surface in the dead area, the display device has expanded active display area and improved visual appreciation.

Abstract: Provided are a roller apparatus, a printing method and a method of fabricating an LCD device using the same, which can minimize the number of processes and a printing defect. In the printing method, first patterns are formed on a blanket. The first patterns have different surface energy from that of the blanket, and the blanket is formed around a roller. The roller is rotated and a printing material is dropped to form second patterns on the blanket between the first patterns. The second patterns are transferred from the roller onto a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming a display device. The method includes forming an alignment mark on a front surface of a substrate having a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region, forming an alignment protection pattern on a rear surface of the substrate such that the alignment protection pattern overlaps the alignment mark, and forming a light-shielding member in the non-display region on the rear surface of the substrate such that the light-shielding member forms a boundary with the alignment protection pattern.

Abstract: Provided are a roller apparatus, a printing method and a method of fabricating an LCD device using the same, which can minimize the number of processes and a printing defect. In the printing method, first patterns are formed on a blanket. The first patterns have different surface energy from that of the blanket, and the blanket is formed around a roller. The roller is rotated and a printing material is dropped to form second patterns on the blanket between the first patterns. The second patterns are transferred from the roller onto a substrate.