Abstract: A traction battery pack assembly includes a cell stack within an interior of an enclosure. The cell stack includes a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of dividers disposed along a cell stack axis. The dividers extend outward from the cell stack axis further than the battery cells to provide a portion of at least one immersion coolant channel.

Abstract: Thermal management systems are provided for managing thermal energy in a traction battery pack. An exemplary thermal management system may utilize a combination of immersion cooling for limiting convective heat transfer and thermal barriers for limiting conductive heat transfer across one or more cell stacks of the traction battery pack. The immersion cooling may provide an edge cooling scheme in which coolant is directed across minor side surfaces (e.g., top, bottom, and ends) of battery cells of the cell stacks but does not contact major side surfaces (e.g., faces) of the battery cells. The thermal barriers may include a single layer or multiple layers of one or more thermally resistant materials (e.g., mica, aerogel, etc.).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a piston. In one example, a system may comprise a plurality of first protrusions and a plurality of second protrusions working in tandem to confine an injection to a radial zone defined by the protrusions.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a piston. In one example, a system may comprise a plurality of first protrusions and a plurality of second protrusions working in tandem to confine an injection to a radial zone defined by the protrusions.

Abstract: A method may comprise: positioning a pressure control valve (PCV) at an outlet of a fuel rail; positioning a volume control valve (VCV) at an inlet of a high pressure pump; and in response to an exhaust particulate matter (PM) level deviating from a target PM level, adjusting a fuel ratio of a first fuel and a second fuel delivered to an engine, and opening one of the PCV and the VCV. In this way, the fuel oxygen content may be adjusted to maintain a PM at or below a target level without a DPF over a broad range of engine designs and operating conditions, while maintaining fuel economy.

Abstract: A method may comprise: positioning a pressure control valve (PCV) at an outlet of a fuel rail; positioning a volume control valve (VCV) at an inlet of a high pressure pump; and in response to an exhaust particulate matter (PM) level deviating from a target PM level, adjusting a fuel ratio of a first fuel and a second fuel delivered to an engine, and opening one of the PCV and the VCV. In this way, the fuel oxygen content may be adjusted to maintain a PM at or below a target level without a DPF over a broad range of engine designs and operating conditions, while maintaining fuel economy.