Abstract: The Rabi frequency of oscillation of the nuclear magnetization vector of a sample in an NMR system may be controlled by modifying only the duty cycle of RF pulses delivered to the sample, without modifying the amplitude of the RF pulses, until the energy delivered at the Larmor frequency is adjusted to a desired amount. An impedance matching network between an NMR transceiver and an NMR coil may perform both power matching and noise matching simultaneously. During a transmission mode, the impedance matching network is connected to a transmitter portion of the transceiver, and the impedance of the coil is matched to the driver resistance. During a receiver mode, the impedance matching network is disconnected from the transmitter portion so that the impedance matching network remains connected only to the receiver portion, and signal-to-noise ratio in received NMR signals is maximized.

Abstract: Digital background calibration in a pipelined ADC is performed by extracting a capacitor mismatch value ? that represents a mismatch between a sampling capacitor C1 and a feedback capacitor C2 in the pipelined ADC, and using ? to correct the capacitor mismatch error. ? is extracted by performing commutated feedback capacitor switching (CFCS) in a background correlation loop. The error caused by the capacitor mismatch is calibrated out by subtracting the error from a digital output Dout of the pipelined ADC. Convergence speed may be accelerated and convergence accuracy may be increased during digital background calibration of pipelined ADCs, by using a higher order LPF. A bandwidth switching scheme may be implemented by the LPF, i.e. a larger bandwidth may be utilized during calibration start-up to increase convergence speed during start-up and a smaller bandwidth may be utilized during steady state to increase convergence accuracy during steady state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission diversity detecting apparatus and method. The transmission diversity detecting apparatus is applied in a Wideband Code-Division Multiple-Access (WCDMA) system having a CIPCH channel and a synchronization channel for detecting an antenna diversity of a cell. The transmission diversity detecting apparatus includes an antenna diversity detecting unit for determining the antenna diversity; and a quality indicator generator, electrically connected to the antenna diversity detecting unit, for generating a quality indicator utilized for indicating the reliability of the antenna diversity determined by the antenna diversity detecting unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with JAK/STAT pathway inhibitors to eliminate extracellular cell signaling events leading to cell cycle abrogation and/or apoptosis. Primary neurons were administered neurotoxic proteins, such as gp120, Tat, or gp120 and Tat, with or without IFN-? added, resulting in neuronal death, and simulated neurodegenerative diseases. The neurodegenerative disease is treated using a JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor, including (—)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), to modulate JAK1 or STAT1 phosphorylation, resulting in resistance to gp120 or Tat neurotoxicity. The invention may be used to treat neurons afflicted with HIV-associated Dementia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Pick's Disease, and may act in conjunction with antiviral treatment, like HAART.

Abstract: An apparatus for frequency synchronization is proposed to detect a synchronization signal from the baseband signals. It is featured that three types of detection values are introduced to detect whether the synchronization signal is received or not. More particularly, the claimed frequency synchronization apparatus provides at least one signal quality generator for receiving a predetermined number of symbols of the baseband signals, and further calculating an average quality value therefor. Further, the apparatus includes a signal selector for producing a first detection value according to the average quality value. Still further, the apparatus provides a decision unit to produce a second detection value. After that, a signal processor inside the decision unit is used to calculate a third detection value as combining the first detection value and the second detection.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for frequency synchronization is proposed to obtain the pilot tones and evaluate the frequency offset and time offset for frequency synchronization. The frequency synchronization method has the following steps: filtering a baseband signal of a frequency correction burst by using multiple pre-filters; measuring the baseband signal and the signals output from the pre-filters to produce the first power value and the second power values respectively; normalizing the maximum second power value by using the first power value so as to produce the first detection value; using the samples of the baseband signal at different time points and a predetermined mathematical function to produce the second detection value; combining the first and second detection values to produce the third detection value; and using the third detection value to determine whether the frequency correction burst is received or not.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for adding background sound to mobile communication talking. In the method of the present invention, a subscriber may dial additionally a background sound service number at the time of calling the a called party to make a mobile communication exchange, on the basis of the additionally-dialed number, add a talking link of a third party provided by the background sound system to establish a three-party talking at the time of establishing a talking link between a calling mobile communication terminal and a called mobile communication terminal. Thus, the calling and called parties can have a background sound service during the talking.

Abstract: A method of converting format from a transport stream (TS) to a file for storing television program data carried by the transport stream includes steps of receiving a transport stream, performing filtering and depacketizing process for the transport stream to generate a plurality of elementary streams (ES) and presentation time stamps (PTS) corresponding to each data unit of the plurality of elementary streams according to packet identifiers (PID) of television programs being recorded, and converting the plurality of elementary streams to a file according to the presentation time stamps.

Abstract: A programmable system-on-a-chip integrated circuit device comprises at least one of a crystal oscillator circuit, an RC oscillator circuit, and an external oscillator input. A clock conditioning circuit is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A real-time clock is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A programmable logic block is coupled to the clock conditioning circuit and the real-time clock.

Abstract: The present invention comprises apparatus and a method for simultaneously programming multiple antifuses in a multiple tile field programmable gate array (FPGA). The invention comprises an FPGA having a plurality of logic modules with programmable elements. The logic modules are partitioned into a plurality of individually programmable groups and an isolation device may be coupled between the individually programmable groups of logic modules such that each of the programmable elements in each of the plurality of individually programmable logic modules may be programmed concurrently.

Abstract: An image output device and image processing method are provided. The device includes a front end control unit and a color blending processing unit. The front end control unit switches a first program channel to a second program channel according to a channel switching signal and stores a final frame data of the first program channel and an initial frame data of the second program channel. The color blending processing unit receives a blending information and blends the final frame data of the first program channel and the initial frame data of the second program channel according to the blending information. Thus, the transition frame produced by the color blending processing unit is displayed between the final frame of the first program channel and the initial frame of the second program channel.

Abstract: A programmable system-on-a-chip integrated circuit device comprises at least one of a crystal oscillator circuit, an RC oscillator circuit, and an external oscillator input. A clock conditioning circuit is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A real-time clock is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A programmable logic block is coupled to the clock conditioning circuit and the real-time clock.

Abstract: A learning system for a search ranking function model may include a computer program that iteratively refines the model using new queries and associated documents from an unlabeled training set. The unlabeled training set may include a set of queries for which the associated documents have not been labeled as “relevant” or otherwise labeled. The new queries may be selected based on a similarity to and an accuracy of each neighbor from a labeled training set, such as a labeled validation set. Upon selection, the documents associated with the new queries may be labeled. The new queries and their associated documents may be accumulated into a labeled training set, such as a labeled training set, and a refined model may be learned based on the augmented labeled training set. The model may be iteratively refined until it is determined that the model is adequate.

Abstract: A programmable system-on-a-chip integrated circuit device comprises at least one of a crystal oscillator circuit, an RC oscillator circuit, and an external oscillator input. A clock conditioning circuit is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A real-time clock is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A programmable logic block is coupled to the clock conditioning circuit and the real-time clock.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Colorful Ring Back Tone (CRBT) copying method, the method comprises: a calling mobile terminal initiating a call to a called mobile terminal and receiving a Ring Back Tone (RBT) sent by the CRBT service center; the mobile communication network authenticating it after receiving a CRBT copying request; if the authentication is passed, copying the RBT being currently played to a ring database of the calling mobile terminal and keeping playing the RBT until off-hook or on-hook; otherwise, keeping playing until off-hook or on-hook.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for adding background sound to mobile communication telephone talking and a communication system thereof. In the method of the present invention, a background sound system is added into corresponding talk at the time of establishing a talking link between the calling mobile communication terminal and the called mobile communication terminal based on contracting information of calling and/or called parties. In the communication system of the present invention, one or more than one background sound service system is introduced into conventional communication system, The background sound service system comprises at least a switching device, a background sound storage device, a background sound playing device and a control device that are connected to each other.

Abstract: A GSM communication system uses a channel estimator to generate a channel impulse response estimate from received bursts. Preferred embodiments of such a system include a first correlation unit that uses N midamble bits to evaluate received signals and produce first correlation outputs over a wide search range. A positioning unit identifies candidate first correlation outputs having the best estimation quality within a sliding observation window and uses those outputs as the initial channel impulse response (CIR) estimate. The initial CIR is provided to a second correlation unit that block correlates M (greater than N) midamble bits to the received signal samples. The second correlation unit performs correlation stage by stage with compensation based on the initial and updated CIR to improve the channel estimation.

Abstract: A method of operating a receiver to determine a bad frame indication (BFI) of a received speech block includes decoding speech information bits of the received speech block; re-encoding the decoded speech information bits; comparing the received speech information bits with the corresponding decoded and re-encoded speech information bits to calculate a number of erroneous bits; determining a mode information of the received speech block; calculating a signal quality measurement of the received speech block; calculating a block quality metric according to the mode information, wherein the block quality metric is related to both the number of erroneous bits and the signal quality measurement; and setting the BFI of the received speech block according to the block quality metric.

Abstract: A method for adding a background tone to a call includes: triggering a background tone service, according to a preset triggering mechanism, upon receipt of a call from a calling subscriber to a called subscriber; establishing a three-party call among the calling subscriber, the called subscriber, and the background tone service platform, and playing, by the background tone, a background tone service platform. A system for implementing a background tone service includes an exchange and a background tone service platform. By applying embodiments of the present invention, subscribers can communicate with each other and enjoy the background tone, which is more interesting.

Abstract: A programmable system-on-a-chip integrated circuit device comprises at least one of a crystal oscillator circuit, an RC oscillator circuit, and an external oscillator input. A clock conditioning circuit is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A real-time clock is selectively coupleable to one of the programmable logic block, the crystal oscillator circuit, the RC oscillator circuit, and the external oscillator input. A programmable logic block is coupled to the clock conditioning circuit and the real-time clock.