Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for automated ontology building. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A computer program product is provided that includes a storage medium having instructions executable by a computer to perform a method. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A computer program product is provided that includes a storage medium having instructions executable by a computer to perform a method. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for automated ontology building. The method calculates, using a parse tree obtained by parsing text, a dependency graph across contextual tokens created from the text. The method generates concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the parse tree. The method groups concept instance candidates into concept candidates and arranges the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes. The method provides an ontology based on the tree and text and formed as an output graph of nodes. The method provides a user interface for editing the ontology by selectively adding a new node to the output graph, removing an existing node, moving a node or sub-graph across a parent-child hierarchy in the output graph, creating a new relation across the nodes, and removing an existing relation edge.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automated ontology building. The method includes creating contextual tokens from text, parsing the text into at least one parse tree, and calculating a dependency graph across the contextual tokens using the at least one parse tree. The method further includes generating concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the at least one parse tree. The method also includes grouping concept instance candidates into concept candidates. The method additionally includes arranging the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes and creating predicate-based relationships between the tree nodes based on patterns and predicates identified in the text. The method further includes scoring and sorting the tree nodes. The method also includes performing an analysis of the tree nodes and rebalancing the tree based on the analysis to provide an ontology based on the text.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automated ontology building. The method includes creating contextual tokens from text, parsing the text into at least one parse tree, and calculating a dependency graph across the contextual tokens using the at least one parse tree. The method further includes generating concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the at least one parse tree. The method also includes grouping concept instance candidates into concept candidates. The method additionally includes arranging the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes and creating predicate-based relationships between the tree nodes based on patterns and predicates identified in the text. The method further includes scoring and sorting the tree nodes. The method also includes performing an analysis of the tree nodes and rebalancing the tree based on the analysis to provide an ontology based on the text.

Abstract: An approach for self-improving classification. The approach receives sensor data of a machine, wherein the sensor data is collected during operation of the machine. The approach defines one or more categories, wherein each category of the one or more categories is associated with one or more parameters. The approach determines whether the sensor data matches one or more parameters of a first category of the one or more categories. Responsive to a determination that the sensor data matches the one or more parameters of the first category, the approach classifies the sensor data into the first category. The approach applies a first category label to the sensor data, wherein the first category label is associated with the first category.

Abstract: An approach for self-improving classification. The approach receives sensor data of a machine, wherein the sensor data is collected during operation of the machine. The approach defines one or more categories, wherein each category of the one or more categories is associated with one or more parameters. The approach determines whether the sensor data matches one or more parameters of a first category of the one or more categories. Responsive to a determination that the sensor data matches the one or more parameters of the first category, the approach classifies the sensor data into the first category. The approach applies a first category label to the sensor data, wherein the first category label is associated with the first category.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automated ontology building. The method includes creating contextual tokens from text, parsing the text into at least one parse tree, and calculating a dependency graph across the contextual tokens using the at least one parse tree. The method further includes generating concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the at least one parse tree. The method also includes grouping concept instance candidates into concept candidates. The method additionally includes arranging the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes and creating predicate-based relationships between the tree nodes based on patterns and predicates identified in the text. The method further includes scoring and sorting the tree nodes. The method also includes performing an analysis of the tree nodes and rebalancing the tree based on the analysis to provide an ontology based on the text.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for automated ontology building. The method includes creating contextual tokens from text, parsing the text into at least one parse tree, and calculating a dependency graph across the contextual tokens using the at least one parse tree. The method further includes generating concept instance candidates and parent-child relationships based on pattern matching and transformation of the at least one parse tree. The method also includes grouping concept instance candidates into concept candidates. The method additionally includes arranging the concept candidates into a tree having tree nodes and creating predicate-based relationships between the tree nodes based on patterns and predicates identified in the text. The method further includes scoring and sorting the tree nodes. The method also includes performing an analysis of the tree nodes and rebalancing the tree based on the analysis to provide an ontology based on the text.

Abstract: A novel and useful system and method of improving the utilization of a special purpose accelerator in a system incorporating a general purpose processor. In some embodiments, the current queue status of the special purpose accelerator is periodically monitored using a background monitoring process/thread and the current queue status is stored in a shared memory. A shim redirection layer added a priori to a library function task determines at runtime and in user space whether to execute the library function task on the special purpose accelerator or the general purpose processor. At runtime, using the shim redirection layer and based on the current queue status, it is determined whether to execute the library function task on the special purpose accelerator or on the general purpose processor.

Abstract: A novel and useful system and method of improving the utilization of a special purpose accelerator in a system incorporating a general purpose processor. In some embodiments, the current queue status of the special purpose accelerator is periodically monitored using a background monitoring process/thread and the current queue status is stored in a shared memory. A shim redirection layer added a priori to a library function task determines at runtime and in user space whether to execute the library function task on the special purpose accelerator or the general purpose processor. At runtime, using the shim redirection layer and based on the current queue status, it is determined whether to execute the library function task on the special purpose accelerator or on the general purpose processor.

Abstract: Methods for forming conductor contacts provide for etching through a capping layer located upon a conductor contact region within a substrate. A first pair of methods provide for etching through at least a lower thickness of the capping layer with other than a reactive ion etch to provide an exposed conductor contact region. A partially overlapping second pair of methods provides for converting at least an upper thickness of the capping layer to a converted material layer that is removed incident to providing an exposed conductor contact region. As adjunct to any of the methods, a liner layer is formed and located upon the exposed conductor contact region in absence of an undesirable reactive environment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning a wafer with a metal exposed through an insulator, through the use of a wet cleaning tank in concert with a feedback system on the potential difference between two leads of the wet cleaning tank. The cleaning tank has a bath in which the wafer and the two leads are immersed. The potential difference between the two leads is regulated when the feedback system detects a change in the potential across the two leads.

Abstract: A metal layer is formed at high deposition rate over severe topography by a two step process including formation of a seed layer by cold deposition followed by a second portion of the metal layer deposited at a temperature approximating but below a temperature at which metal from a lower metal layer can extrude through vias reaching thereto. The seed layer is preferably limited to a thickness at which the conformality of the cold-deposited metal will not significantly increase severity of surface topography, generally about one-fourth the thickness of the hot-deposited layer. Via connections are formed without voids and a more planar metal layer surface is formed which allows formation of a protective/anti-reflective layer with good integrity while enhancing subsequent lithographic patterning, thereby eliminating alteration of metal surface chemistry by resist developers and resultant residual metal included within the severe topography.

Abstract: A method for increasing the production yield of semiconductor devices having copper metallurgy planarized by a chemical-mechanical planarization process which includes a slurry that contains a conductor passivating agent, like benzotriazole, wherein a non-oxidizing anneal is used to remove any residue which might interfere with mechanical probing of conductive lands on the substrate prior to further metallization steps. The anneal may be performed by any of several techniques including a vacuum chamber, a standard furnace or by rapid thermal annealing.

Abstract: The propagation of a crack from the surface of the dielectric layer of an integrated circuit, through to the underlying circuit elements, is prevented by controlling the interface between the outermost, dielectric layer or layers and the inner layer or layers of the integrated circuit construction. The interface is weakened so that a crack that encounters the interface is caused to propagate in a horizontal manner, along the interface, preventing propagation of the crack in a direction that would be harmful to the manufactured article. This is preferably accomplished with multiple layers of material, each of which is made capable of redirecting (deflecting) the crack. Deflection of the crack, and arrest of the deflected crack along the interface, is made possible by controlling the fracture resistance of the interface.

Abstract: The propagation of a crack from the surface of the dielectric layer of an integrated circuit, through to the underlying circuit elements, is prevented by controlling the interface between the outermost, dielectric layer or layers and the inner layer or layers of the integrated circuit construction. The interface is weakened so that a crack that encounters the interface is caused to propagate in a horizontal manner, along the interface, preventing propagation of the crack in a direction that would be harmful to the manufactured article. This is preferably accomplished with multiple layers of material, each of which is made capable of redirecting (deflecting) the crack. Deflection of the crack, and arrest of the deflected crack along the interface, is made possible by controlling the fracture resistance of the interface.

Abstract: A metal layer is formed at high deposition rate over severe topography by a two step process including formation of a seed layer by cold deposition followed by a second portion of the metal layer deposited at a temperature approximating but below a temperature at which metal from a lower metal layer can extrude through vias reaching thereto. The seed layer is preferably limited to a thickness at which the conformality of the cold-deposited metal will not significantly increase severity of surface topography, generally about one-fourth the thickness of the hot-deposited layer. Via connections are formed without voids and a more planar metal layer surface is formed which allows formation of a protective/anti-reflective layer with good integrity while enhancing subsequent lithographic patterning, thereby eliminating alteration of metal surface chemistry by resist developers and resultant residual metal included within the severe topography.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a conductive stud and line over a surface, comprising the steps of: forming at least a first layer of material over the region on the surface whereat the conductive stud and line are to be formed; forming a layer of dual image photoresist over the material; exposing the dual image potoresist to radiation so as to form at least first and second regions exhibiting different development characteristics; developing the first region so as to expose a portion of the material; removing the exposed portion of the material so as to define the position of one of the conductive line or stud; developing the second region to expose more of the material; and removing the newly exposed portion of material so as to define the position of the other of the conductive line or stud.