Abstract: Epidermal electronics are non-invasive and non-obstructive skin mounted sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate.

Abstract: Nanomaterial epidermal sensors can be adhered to the skin and worn comfortably and inconspicuously for days to allow for repeated biometric sensing. The nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be comprised of a monolayer of graphene coating a flexible polymer substrate. Various nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be quickly fabricated using a cost-efficient “cut-and-paste” method on transfer paper and can be adhered directly to skin without tape or adhesive, much like a temporary-tattoo. The nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be optically transparent and may be used to measure an electrocardiogram (ECG), an electroencephalogram (EEG) or an electromyogram (EMG) with a signal-to-noise ratio that is comparable to conventional electrodes. In addition, the nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be used to measure other parameters, such as skin temperature or skin hydration.

Abstract: Epidermal electronics are non-invasive and non-obstructive skin mounted sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate.

Abstract: Epidermal electronics are sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate. Also, a stretchable planar coil made of serpentine ribbons can be used as a wireless strain gauge and/or a near field communication (NFC) antenna. Other embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: Epidermal electronics are sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate. Also, a stretchable planar coil made of serpentine ribbons can be used as a wireless strain gauge and/or a near field communication (NFC) antenna. Other embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: By applying a dry and freeform “cut-and-paste” method, an NFC-enabled wireless tattoo-like stretchable biometric sensor can be fabricated within minutes without using any chemicals, inks, or masks/stencils. This sensor is able to wirelessly receive power via a stretchable inductive coil and an NFC chip integrated on the sensor. Data measured by the sensor can be wirelessly transmitted via the same antenna and NFC chip. The sensor is fully stretchable and conformable to human skin and can follows the mechanical deformation of skin without mechanical and electrical failure or delamination. The sensor is imperceptible to wear and can perform high-fidelity sensing for physiological signals.

Abstract: Epidermal electronics are sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate. Also, a stretchable planar coil made of serpentine ribbons can be used as a wireless strain gauge and/or a near field communication (NFC) antenna. Other embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: A dual-mode epidermal sensor/electrode that, when worn on a human chest, is capable of synchronously/continuously monitoring electrical activity and mechano-acoustic activity of a cardiovascular system. The dual-mode epidermal sensor/electrode consists of a pair of stretchable electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes made out of filamentary serpentine gold nano-membranes and a stretchable seismocardiogram (SCG) sensor comprising a filamentary serpentine PVDF. The dual-mode epidermal sensor/electrode is light, thin, flexible, and requires no operational power. The sensor can be laminated conformably and unobtrusively on a human chest to provide high fidelity ECG measurements and SCG measurements, and an estimated beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP). The dual-mode epidermal sensor is fabricated using a cost-effective, cut-and-paste method of construction.

Abstract: Nanomaterial epidermal sensors can be adhered to the skin and worn comfortably and inconspicuously for days to allow for repeated biometric sensing. The nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be comprised of a monolayer of graphene coating a flexible polymer substrate. Various nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be quickly fabricated using a cost-efficient “cut-and-paste” method on transfer paper and can be adhered directly to skin without tape or adhesive, much like a temporary-tattoo. The nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be optically transparent and may be used to measure an electrocardiogram (ECG), an electroencephalogram (EEG) or an electromyogram (EMG) with a signal-to-noise ratio that is comparable to conventional electrodes. In addition, the nanomaterial epidermal sensors may be used to measure other parameters, such as skin temperature or skin hydration.

Abstract: Epidermal electronics are sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate. Also, a stretchable planar coil made of serpentine ribbons can be used as a wireless strain gauge and/or a near field communication (NFC) antenna. Other embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: Described are systems and methods of warming a patient using a flexible, stretchable resistive heating element, a temperature detection device, a power supply, and a controller.

Abstract: Disclosed are appendage mountable electronic systems and related methods for covering and conforming to an appendage surface. A flexible or stretchable substrate has an inner surface for receiving an appendage, including an appendage having a curved surface, and an opposed outer surface that is accessible to external surfaces. A stretchable or flexible electronic device is supported by the substrate inner and/or outer surface, depending on the application of interest. The electronic device in combination with the substrate provides a net bending stiffness to facilitate conformal contact between the inner surface and a surface of the appendage provided within the enclosure. In an aspect, the system is capable of surface flipping without adversely impacting electronic device functionality, such as electronic devices comprising arrays of sensors, actuators, or both sensors and actuators.

Abstract: Disclosed are appendage mountable electronic systems and related methods for covering and conforming to an appendage surface. A flexible or stretchable substrate has an inner surface for receiving an appendage, including an appendage having a curved surface, and an opposed outer surface that is accessible to external surfaces. A stretchable or flexible electronic device is supported by the substrate inner and/or outer surface, depending on the application of interest. The electronic device in combination with the substrate provides a net bending stiffness to facilitate conformal contact between the inner surface and a surface of the appendage provided within the enclosure. In an aspect, the system is capable of surface flipping without adversely impacting electronic device functionality, such as electronic devices comprising arrays of sensors, actuators, or both sensors and actuators.

Abstract: Disclosed are appendage mountable electronic systems and related methods for covering and conforming to an appendage surface. A flexible or stretchable substrate has an inner surface for receiving an appendage, including an appendage having a curved surface, and an opposed outer surface that is accessible to external surfaces. A stretchable or flexible electronic device is supported by the substrate inner and/or outer surface, depending on the application of interest. The electronic device in combination with the substrate provides a net bending stiffness to facilitate conformal contact between the inner surface and a surface of the appendage provided within the enclosure. In an aspect, the system is capable of surface flipping without adversely impacting electronic device functionality, such as electronic devices comprising arrays of sensors, actuators, or both sensors and actuators.

Abstract: Disclosed are appendage mountable electronic systems and related methods for covering and conforming to an appendage surface. A flexible or stretchable substrate has an inner surface for receiving an appendage, including an appendage having a curved surface, and an opposed outer surface that is accessible to external surfaces. A stretchable or flexible electronic device is supported by the substrate inner and/or outer surface, depending on the application of interest. The electronic device in combination with the substrate provides a net bending stiffness to facilitate conformal contact between the inner surface and a surface of the appendage provided within the enclosure. In an aspect, the system is capable of surface flipping without adversely impacting electronic device functionality, such as electronic devices comprising arrays of sensors, actuators, or both sensors and actuators.

Abstract: Epidermal electronics are sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate. Also, a stretchable planar coil made of serpentine ribbons can be used as a wireless strain gauge and/or a near field communication (NFC) antenna. Other embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are appendage mountable electronic systems and related methods for covering and conforming to an appendage surface. A flexible or stretchable substrate has an inner surface for receiving an appendage, including an appendage having a curved surface, and an opposed outer surface that is accessible to external surfaces. A stretchable or flexible electronic device is supported by the substrate inner and/or outer surface, depending on the application of interest. The electronic device in combination with the substrate provides a net bending stiffness to facilitate conformal contact between the inner surface and a surface of the appendage provided within the enclosure. In an aspect, the system is capable of surface flipping without adversely impacting electronic device functionality, such as electronic devices comprising arrays of sensors, actuators, or both sensors and actuators.

Abstract: Epidermal electronics are sensors with mechanical properties matching human epidermis. Their manufacturing process includes photolithography and dry and wet etching within cleanroom facilities. The high cost of manpower, materials, photo masks, and facilities greatly hinders the commercialization potential of disposable epidermal electronics. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention includes a low cost, high throughput, bench top “cut-and-paste” method to complete the freeform manufacture of epidermal sensor system (ESS) in minutes. This versatile method works for many types of thin metal and polymeric sheets and is compatible with many tattoo adhesives or medical tapes. The resultant ESS is highly multimaterial and multifunctional and may measure ECG, EMG, skin temperature, skin hydration, as well as respiratory rate. Also, a stretchable planar coil made of serpentine ribbons can be used as a wireless strain gauge and/or a near field communication (NFC) antenna. Other embodiments are described herein.