Abstract: A cooling system comprises a first heat exchanger installed inside a room; a second heat exchanger installed outside the room; and a piping system that enables a refrigerant to naturally circulate between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. The piping system includes the first supply pipe and the second supply pipe. The first supply pipe supplies liquid refrigerant from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger and the liquid refrigerant is heated by heat exchanging in a third heat exchanger with vaporized refrigerant supplied from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger. The second supply pipe supplies liquid refrigerant from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger bypassing the third heat exchanger.

Abstract: Provided is a tire for heavy loading vehicles which is improved in an adhesion durability of a carcass ply layer to a large extent while maintaining a fracture resistance and a low heat generating property of a cushion rubber. The above tire is a tire for heavy loading vehicles which is provided with a carcass ply layer toroidally extending between a pair of bead cores, a belt layer reinforcing the carcass ply layer at an outside of the carcass ply layer in a tire radial direction and a cushion rubber provided between the carcass ply layer and the belt layer and extending to a shoulder part and the carcass ply layer comprising a carcass cord comprising a steel cord and a carcass rubber for covering the carcass cord, wherein the cushion rubber contains a rubber component comprising a diene base rubber, 1.5 to 4.0 parts by mass of the total sulfur content based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, zinc oxide so that a mass ratio (zinc oxide/total sulfur content) is 2.0 or more, and an organic acid.

Abstract: The rubber composition of the present invention is used for producing an inner liner of a pneumatic tire, and is obtained by compounding a rubber component and a layered or plate-like mineral. The layered or plate-like mineral has an aspect ratio of 3 or more and less than 30. The present invention further provides a production method of the rubber composition and a pneumatic tire which is produced by using the rubber composition. The present invention is applicable to a tire of passenger vehicles, bus or truck, and a tire of airplane. According to the present invention, the air permeation resistance is remarkably improved and the workability is also improved. Therefore, the rapture and hole defect of a non-vulcanized sheet during the tire construction can be avoided. By using the rubber composition, the gauge of the inner liner of pneumatic tire can be reduced while maintaining the inner pressure of tire, thereby reducing the weight of tire.

Abstract: In a heavy duty pneumatic tire comprising a carcass layer, an innerliner layer and an inner face protection layer arranged therebetween, the inner face protection layer is comprised of a rubber layer A and a rubber layer B, and a rubber composition constituting each layer is compounded with a rubber component, sulfur and a cobalt compound of an organic acid, and an amount of sulfur compounded satisfies the following equations (I) and (II): SA<SB?SC??(I) 2?SA?4??(II) (wherein SA, SB and SC are an amount of sulfur compounded in a rubber composition constituting the rubber layer A, rubber layer B and the carcass layer, respectively, based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component), and such a heavy duty pneumatic tire suppresses the creeping of the carcass rubber and also prevents the breakage of the inner face protection layer in the use at high-temperature, humid areas.

Abstract: A rubber composition for a tire tread which comprises (A) a rubber component selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic diene-based rubbers, (B) 5 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber component of (b1) aluminum hydroxide particles which are treated with a surface treating agent on the surface and have an average diameter of secondary particles D2 of 10 &mgr;m or smaller or (b2) aluminum hydroxide particles which have an average diameter of secondary particles D2 of 0.8 &mgr;m or smaller and a ratio (D2/D1) of the average diameter of secondary particles D2 to an average diameter of primary particles D1 of 1.7 or smaller and (C) 5 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber component of at least one filler selected from carbon black and silica.

Abstract: A rubber composition for a tire tread which comprises (A) a rubber component selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic diene-based rubbers, (B) 5 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber component of (b1) aluminum hydroxide particles which are treated with a surface treating agent on the surface and have an average diameter of secondary particles D2 of 10 &mgr;m or smaller or (b2) aluminum hydroxide particles which have an average diameter of secondary particles D2 of 0.8 &mgr;m or smaller and a ratio (D2/D1) of the average diameter of secondary particles D2 to an average diameter of primary particles D1 of 1.7 or smaller and (C) 5 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber component of at least one filler selected from carbon black and silica.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rubber composition and a method of manufacturing the same, and particularly to a technique of improving a fracture resistance in a silica-containing rubber composition by improving dispersion of the silica.

Abstract: The rubber composition of the present invention is used for producing an inner liner of a pneumatic tire, and is obtained by compounding a rubber component and a layered or plate-like mineral. The layered or plate-like mineral has an aspect ratio of 3 or more and less than 30. The present invention further provides a production method of the rubber composition and a pneumatic tire which is produced by using the rubber composition. The present invention is applicable to a tire of passenger vehicles, bus or truck, and a tire of airplane. According to the present invention, the air permeation resistance is remarkably improved and the workability is also improved. Therefore, the rapture and hole defect of a non-vulcanized sheet during the tire construction can be avoided. By using the rubber composition, the gauge of the inner liner of pneumatic tire can be reduced while maintaining the inner pressure of tire, thereby reducing the weight of tire.

Abstract: There is disclosed a rubber composition for a tire tread Which comprises 100 parts by weight of (A) a rubber component comprising a diene-based synthetic rubber or a mixture of a diene-based synthetic rubber and natural rubber and containing at least 20% by weight of a styrene-butadiene rubber; 5 to 50 parts by weight of (B) aluminum hydroxide powders; and at least 5 parts by weight of (C) silica powders, wherein the total amount of the components (B) and (C) is in the range of 40 to 80 parts by weight; and optionally chemical agents such as vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators and antioxidants, and also is disclosed a pneumatic tire in which the above rubber composition is used as the tread rubber. The above rubber composition, when made into a tire tread, can maintain favorable low fuel consumption properties and low wear resistance, and besides can impart the tire with greatly improved gripping properties on wet road surfaces particularly at a low temperature.