Abstract: A biological tissue equivalent phantom unit to be used by the specific absorption rate measuring system for evaluating absorption of electromagnetic wave energy includes a biological tissue equivalent phantom for absorbing an electromagnetic wave. In addition, two or more electro-optical crystals are arranged at two or more measurement points in the biological tissue equivalent phantom. The electro-optical crystals have a dielectric constant that is approximately equal to that of the biological tissue equivalent phantom. Two or more optical fibers are laid in the biological tissue equivalent phantom for optically connecting each of the electro-optical crystals to an external destination.

Abstract: A biological tissue equivalent phantom unit to be used by the specific absorption rate measuring system for evaluating absorption of electromagnetic wave energy includes a biological tissue equivalent phantom for absorbing an electromagnetic wave. In addition, two or more electro-optical crystals are arranged at two or more measurement points in the biological tissue equivalent phantom. The electro-optical crystals have a dielectric constant that is approximately equal to that of the biological tissue equivalent phantom. Two or more optical fibers are laid in the biological tissue equivalent phantom for optically connecting each of the electro-optical crystals to an external destination.

Abstract: A specific absorption rate measuring system, a method thereof, and a biological tissue equivalent phantom unit are disclosed. The biological tissue equivalent phantom unit to be used by the specific absorption rate measuring system for evaluating absorption of electromagnetic wave energy includes a biological tissue equivalent phantom for absorbing an electromagnetic wave; two or more electro-optical crystals that are arranged at two or more measurement points in the biological tissue equivalent phantom, the electro-optical crystals having a dielectric constant that is approximately equal to that of the biological tissue equivalent phantom; and two or more optical fibers laid in the biological tissue equivalent phantom for optically connecting each of the electro-optical crystals to an external destination.

Abstract: A pin photodiode having a structure capable improving the frequency response and the saturation output while maintaining the effective internal quantum efficiency and CR time constant. A pin photodiode is formed by: a first semiconductor layer in a first conduction type; a second semiconductor layer in a second conduction type; a third semiconductor layer sandwiched between the first and second semiconductor layers, having a doping concentration lower than those of the first and second semiconductor layers; a fourth semiconductor layer in the first conduction type, provided at one side of the first semiconductor layer opposite to a side at which the third semiconductor layer is provided; and a cathode electrode and an anode electrode connected directly or indirectly to the second semiconductor layer and the fourth semiconductor layer, respectively.