Abstract: In a DRAM having a capacitor-over-bitline structure in which the capacitive insulating film of an information storing capacitive element C is formed of a high dielectric material such as Ta2O5 (tantalum oxide) film 46, the portions of bit lines BL and first-layer interconnect lines 23 to 26 of a peripheral circuit which are in contact with at least an underlying silicon oxide film 28 are formed of a W film, the bit lines BL and the interconnect lines 23 to 26 being arranged below the information storing capacitive element C, whereby the adhesion at the interface between the bit lines BL and the interconnect lines 23 to 26 and the silicon oxide film is improved in terms of high-temperature heat treatment to be performed when the capacitive insulating film is being formed.

Abstract: The semiconductor device is formed according to the following steps. A TiN film 71 and a W film 72 are deposited on a silicon oxide film 64 including the inside of a via-hole 66 by the CVD method and thereafter, the W film 72 and TiN film 71 on the silicon oxide film 64 are etched back to leave only the inside of the via-hole 66 and form a plug 73. Then, a TiN film 74, Al-alloy film 75, and Ti film 76 are deposited on the silicon oxide film 64 including the surface of the plug 73 by the sputtering method and thereafter, the Ti film 76, Al-alloy film 75, and TiN film 74 are patterned to form second-layer wirings 77 and 78.

Abstract: A cell count identifier inserting portion for inserting a cell count identifier into the header portion of a cell is provided at a predetermined position within an exchange and a plurality of cell counting portions for counting a cell into which a cell count identifier is inserted are provided on the downstream side of the cell count identifier inserting portion. A cell loss detecting portion compares the number of cells into which the cell count identifier is inserted with the number of cells counted by each of the cell counting portions, detects cell loss on the basis of the result of the comparisons and specifies the section in which cell loss is caused, if the cell loss is detected.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thioquinolone derivative which exhibits highly selective antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori.

Abstract: A broadband ISDN remote multiplexer, which is constructed by separating a subscriber line interfacing section from an ATM exchange and installing the same at a remote location connected via a high-speed transmission line, comprises: a first interface unit for carrying out conversion between a transmitted signal of UNI format, carrying a destination number in its GFC field and transmitted over a transmission medium interconnecting the ATM exchange and the broadband ISDN remote multiplexer, and a first path-control signal that directs a connection within the remote multiplexer in accordance with the destination number; a plurality of subscriber line interface units for terminating respectively the plurality of broadband ISDN subscriber lines; and a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit for making a connection between the first interface unit and each of the subscriber line interface units in accordance with the first path-control signal.

Abstract: In an address decision system in an ATM exchange, a table memory stores data showing relationships between VPI/VCI values and addresses. A latch circuit latches a VPI/VCI value contained in a cell transferred via a cell highway. A comparator circuit compares the VPI/VCI values stored in the table memory with the VPI/VCI value latched by the latch and generates a comparator output signal showing, in a normal operation, one of the addresses at which the VPI/VCI value from the latch circuit coincides with one of the VPI/VCI values in the table memory. An address decision unit encodes the comparator output signal and generates an encoded signal based on the comparator output signal. A decoder unit decodes the encoded signal and generates a decoded signal. A check unit receives the comparator output signal and the encoded signal and generates an error signal when the comparator output signal and the encoded signal do not match each other.

Abstract: It is determined whether or not a passing cell is a cell to be measured. If yes, a signal synchronous with the passing cycle of the cell is generated by a synchronous signal generator. The synchronous signal is digitally processed by a digital signal processor. Thus, each parameter related to the number of passing cells is obtained by converting the analysis based on the time axis to the area analysis based on the frequency axis.

Abstract: A virtual channel converter converts a virtual path identifier and a virtual channel identifier, e.g. in a twenty-eight (28) bit frame, attached to the header part of an incoming ATM cell on an input highway to an ATM switcher to identifiers to be attached to an outgoing ATM cell on an output highway capable of fully supporting all the combinations, two hundred fifty-six (256) for example, of a virtual path identifier and a virtual channel identifier no matter where the virtual path identifier and the virtual channel identifier are located in the twenty-eight (28) bit frame. The virtual channel converter comprises a plurality of identifier comparator units and a controller. Each of the identifier comparator units has an input identifier memory for storing an identifier attached to an ATM cell and a comparator for comparing the identifiers of an incoming ATM cell with the identifiers stored in the input identifier memory.