Abstract: An endoscope observation system for in vivo cellular observation is disclosed that includes an illumination optical system having a light source for supplying illumination light to an object, an objective optical system that forms a magnified image of the object such that the absolute value of the image scale factor exceeds unity, and an image pickup unit that detects the magnified image. The illumination optical system is provided with a wavelength selection means for dividing, among the blue, green, and red wavelength ranges in the illumination light from the light source, either the blue wavelength range or the red wavelength range into two wavelength bands T1 and T2, with the wavelength band T1 being nearer the green wavelength range than is the wavelength band T2, and light in the wavelength band T1 is prevented from illuminating the object. An in vivo cellular observation method is also disclosed using an endoscope.

Abstract: An endoscope image pickup unit is disclosed that captures magnified images of an object. An objective optical system of the image pickup unit includes, in order from the object side, a front lens group having positive refractive power and an aperture stop. Various conditions are satisfied so as to provide an observation scale factor in the range of about 200 to 2000 so that cellular details can be observed, as in a microscope, while keeping the objective optical system sufficiently compact for insertion within a patient. Also disclosed is a focus adjustment apparatus and method for the endoscope image pickup unit, and a focus range check apparatus and method for the endoscope image pickup unit.

Abstract: An endoscope image pickup unit is disclosed that captures magnified images of an object. An objective optical system of the image pickup unit includes, in order from the object side, a front lens group having positive refractive power and an aperture stop. Various conditions are satisfied so as to provide an observation scale factor in the range of about 200 to 2000 so that cellular details can be observed, as in a microscope, while keeping the objective optical system sufficiently compact for insertion within a patient. Also disclosed is a focus adjustment apparatus and method for the endoscope image pickup unit, and a focus range check apparatus and method for the endoscope image pickup unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solid polymer electrolyte wherein protons of cation exchange groups contained in a perfluorinated electrolyte are partially replaced by metal ions. The metal ion is at least one metal ion selected from vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), cobalt (Co), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), and erbium (Er) ions. Further disclosed is a solid polymer fuel cell using the solid polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ion conductive polymer comprising a unit represented by Formula (1) below: —SO2[N?SO2(M+)]X1—??(1) wherein X1 is an integer greater than 1, and M+ is H+ or Li+. Further disclosed is an imide monomer represented by Formula (A) below: Z1-SO2[N?SO2M+]Y-Z2 ??(A) wherein Y is an integer of 2 or greater, Z1 is OH, F, Cl, Br, I or NZ3Z4 (in which Z3 and Z4 are each independently H, M or SiMe3, and M is a metal element), Z2 is OH, F, Cl, Br, I or NZ3Z4 (in which Z3 and Z4 are each independently H, M or SiMe3, and M is a metal element), and M+ is H+ or Li+.

Abstract: A half-duplex radio communication method, a program and a system enabling multicasting, for example, in an emergency for radio communication terminals belonging to different carrier systems if they meet designated condition while saving an operator the bother of inputting destinations. After accepting an application for emergency multicasting, a CUG server requests a presence server to search for data of radio communication terminals meeting the positional condition designated by a sender and receives the data. In this operation, the CUG server searches a present state table in the presence server, picks up user information of the radio communication terminals as the destinations of the emergency multicasts, based on the positional information. Then, a CUG is formed based on the picked up user information and registered as the CUG for the emergency multicasting.

Abstract: A Polymer Electrolyte Membrane is formed by hot air drying of a membrane formed with an acidic main-polymer having proton conductivity and capability of forming an electrolyte membrane (S12), and then immersing it into a basic polymer solution to impregnate the membrane with the basic polymer (S14). The basic polymer is introduced in a large quantity into a site acting as a proton conduction pass of the main-polymer to take charge of the proton conduction. Since in the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, a base polymer takes charge of proton conduction as compared with the case where proton takes charge of the proton conduction as a hydrate, the base polymer shows favorable proton conductivity even in a low humidity state at an elevated temperature exceeding boiling point of water.

Abstract: A process for producing a semiconductor device which comprises, in a process comprising mounting a semiconductor element in accordance with a flip chip bonding process, bonding the semiconductor element to a circuit board with a thermosetting resin, coating peripheral portions of the bonded semiconductor element with a photocurable resin and forming a fillet by photocuring the photocurable resin; and a semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor element mounted on a circuit board in accordance with a flip chip bonding process, wherein the semiconductor element is bonded to the circuit board with a thermosetting resin at portions directly under the semiconductor element, and a fillet is formed with a photocurable resin at peripheral portions of the semiconductor element. The semiconductor device can be efficiently produced in accordance with the flip chip bonding process and exhibits excellent resistance to heat and moisture and reliability.

Abstract: A radio communication system by which an additional terminal can be easily registered to group information to set up radio communication between particular terminals, and a new user can conduct radio communication in a short period of time. When a group application request to establish radio communication between POC terminals is received, a CUG server creates a group table, generates group information by assigning group identification information to the group table, and stores the group information in the server. The CUG server then delivers the group identification information to a host POC terminal. When a registration request to the group table and group identification information are received from a POC terminal, the CUG server retrieves a group table assigned with the group identification information received from the POC terminal to automatically register terminal identification information of the POC terminal as the registration request source to the group table.

Abstract: With the press-to-talk switch pushed down to start transmission of voice information, a user can additionally push down a shutter button to start shooting by a camera. The obtained image data can be transmitted as in the transmission of the voice information to other radio communication terminals in a Talk group within the range of transmission rate of an allocated line in a radio communication system. It is thereby possible to enable transmission of the image data by a simple operation through a general radio communication line within the range of transmission rate of the allocated line without any stress even in transmission of higher resolution frozen-frame viewing.

Abstract: A radio communications system that eliminates limitation on usage forms of radio communication and enables users to implement radio communication easily. CUG (Closed User Group) servers of communication carriers are provided to an outside company such as ASP (Application Service Provider), and group information of PTT communication terminal devices for performing radio communication processing among particular PTT communication terminal devices is registered in the CUG servers provided outside so that the PTT communication terminal devices are controlled.

Abstract: A process for producing a semiconductor device which comprises, in a process comprising mounting a semiconductor element in accordance with a flip chip bonding process, bonding the semiconductor element to a circuit board with a thermosetting resin, coating peripheral portions of the bonded semiconductor element with a photocurable resin and forming a fillet by photocuring the photocurable resin; and a semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor element mounted on a circuit board in accordance with a flip chip bonding process, wherein the semiconductor element is bonded to the circuit board with a thermosetting resin at portions directly under the semiconductor element, and a fillet is formed with a photocurable resin at peripheral portions of the semiconductor element. The semiconductor device can be efficiently produced in accordance with the flip chip bonding process and exhibits excellent resistance to heat and moisture and reliability.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte of high durability consistent with the present invention is characterized as including a first repeating unit represented by a general formula —{C(Z1)(Z2)-C(Z3)(Z4-SO3H)}— (where Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 are respectively F or Rf1, F or Rf2, F or Rf3, and nothing or Rf4; and each of Rf1, to Rf4 is a perfluoroalkyl group in which the carbon number is from 1 to 10) in a polymer chain, and having an equivalent weight of 2500 g/eq or less.

Abstract: A process for producing a polymer/filler composite material includes a mixture forming step in which there is obtained a mixture of a flake-like filler and a polymer material, and the mean area (L2), mean thickness (d) and volume fraction (c) of the flake-like filler in the mixture satisfy the following equations (1), (2) and (3): 500 nm2≦L2≦100 &mgr;m2  (1) d≦L/20  (2) 0.2d/L≦c≦4d/L  (3), and a deforming step of applying deformation to the mixture at a strain rate of no greater than 10 s−1.

Abstract: An endoscope observation system for in vivo cellular observation is disclosed that includes an illumination optical system having a light source for supplying illumination light to an object, an objective optical system that forms a magnified image of the object such that the absolute value of the image scale factor exceeds unity, and an image pickup unit that detects the magnified image. The illumination optical system is provided with a wavelength selection means for dividing, among the blue, green, and red wavelength ranges in the illumination light from the light source, either the blue wavelength range or the red wavelength range into two wavelength bands T1 and T2, with the wavelength band T1 being nearer the green wavelength range than is the wavelength band T2, and light in the wavelength band T1 is prevented from illuminating the object. An in vivo cellular observation method is also disclosed using an endoscope.

Abstract: An endoscope image pickup unit is disclosed that captures magnified images of an object. An objective optical system of the image pickup unit includes, in order from the object side, a front lens group having positive refractive power and an aperture stop. Various conditions are satisfied so as to provide an observation scale factor in the range of about 200 to 2000 so that cellular details can be observed, as in a microscope, while keeping the objective optical system sufficiently compact for insertion within a patient. Also disclosed is a focus adjustment apparatus and method for the endoscope image pickup unit, and a focus range check apparatus and method for the endoscope image pickup unit.

Abstract: A method of forming an image of detailed cilium wrapped by mucus which exists in the epithelial layer of a cellular structure of a bronchus, where the method includes the steps of: irradiating an illumination light to the epithelial layer; generating Fresnel reflected light; irradiating the Fresnel reflected light to an image pick-up optical system; enlarging the Fresnel reflected light by the image pick-up optical system so that the enlarged Fresnel reflected light can be received by the image pick-up element; scanning at a velocity which is more than the velocity of motion of the cilium by the image pick-up element; transmitting image information from the image pick-up element to an observable medium with the naked eye; and displaying the image of detailed cilium by the observable medium.

Abstract: An automatic circuit design apparatus includes an analyzer (11) for analyzing a file in a form of a table, in which both connection conditions concerning a plurality of circuit components (e.g., intellectual properties) within an integrated circuit and connections among the plurality of circuit components corresponding to the connection conditions are described, and a description creating unit (12) for creating a description of the integrated circuit according to HDL based on analytical results from the analyzer (11).

Abstract: The membrane electrode assembly 1 has an anode 10, a cathode 20, and an electrolyte membrane 30 disposed between the anode and cathode; the anode and cathode are gas diffusion electrodes; the electrolyte membrane contains a solid electrolyte in which a plurality of pores with mean pore diameters of 1 to 30 nm are formed; and the solid electrolyte has a backbone comprising organic groups having one or more metal atoms, oxygen atoms bonded to the metal atoms, and carbon atoms bonded to the metal atoms or oxygen atoms, and also has functional groups with ion-exchange capabilities that are bonded to the organic groups in the pores.

Abstract: In solid polymer electrolyte having high-durability, comprising a polymer electrolyte material having a hydrocarbon part, a chelate group and an electrolyte group are introduced into the polymer electrolyte material. The chelate group contains a phosphonic acid group, nitrogen, both of nitrogen and a phosphonic acid group (one or more selected from the group consisting of alkylamino monophosphonic acid groups, alkylamino diphosphonic acid groups, dialkylamino monophosphonic acid groups, alkylalkylene diamine triphosphonic acid groups, and alkylimino phosphonic acid groups) or, both of nitrogen and a carboxylic acid group (one or more selected from the group consisting of alkylamino monocarboxylic acid groups, alkylamino dicarboxylic acid groups, dialkylamino monocarboxylic acid groups, alkylalkylene diamine tricarboxylic acid groups, and alkylimino carboxylic acid groups).