Abstract: A solar cell module includes a front surface substrate, a seal layer arranged under the front surface substrate to seal a photoelectric converter, a low thermal expansion-contraction layer arranged under the seal layer, and a rear surface substrate arranged under the low thermal expansion-contraction layer. The solar cell module further includes a stress-reducing resin layer arranged between the low thermal expansion-contraction layer and the rear surface substrate. The low thermal expansion-contraction layer has a smaller coefficient of linear expansion than the rear surface substrate, and the stress-reducing resin layer has a smaller tensile modulus of elasticity than the low thermal expansion-contraction layer and the rear surface substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a front surface protective substrate including transparent resin, a rear surface protective substrate, and a photoelectric converter including at least one solar cell connected via a tab lead and arranged between the front surface protective substrate and the rear surface protective substrate. The solar cell module further includes at least one reinforcing layer, at least one seal layer, and a gel polymer layer, which are arranged between the photoelectric converter and the front surface protective substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a resin substrate, a first resin layer, photoelectric converters, and a second resin layer. The first resin layer is provided under the resin substrate. The photoelectric converters are provided under the first resin layer. The second resin layer is provided under the first resin layer to penetrate the first resin layer or cover the first resin layer from outside to be glued to the resin substrate. Adjacent photoelectric converters are electrically connected to each other by a connecting member. A tensile modulus of elasticity of the first resin layer is lower than that a tensile modulus of elasticity of the resin substrate and a tensile modulus of elasticity of the second resin layer.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a first resin substrate, a first resin layer provided over the first resin substrate, a second resin layer provided over the first resin layer, a photoelectric converter provided over the second resin layer, and a third resin layer provided over the photoelectric converter and the second resin layer, wherein a tensile modulus of elasticity of the first resin layer is smaller than a tensile modulus of elasticity of each of the resin substrate, the second resin layer, and the third resin layer.

Abstract: The present invention produces a zirconia-alumina composite ceramic material that exhibits an excellent wear resistance and hardness and that resists chipping at the particle edges. The zirconia-alumina composite ceramic material according to the present invention has a composite structure in which zirconia particles are dispersed in alumina particles and the alumina particles are dispersed in the zirconia particles. A first phase is formed of ceria-containing zirconia particles and a second phase is formed of alumina particles. An ?-alumina powder having an average particle size of at least 0.1 ?m and a ?-alumina powder having an average particle size of 0.01 to 0.1 ?m are used in a proportion of 85:15 to 65:35 as the mass ratio for the alumina powder for producing the alumina particles of the second phase.