Abstract: A rotation state of an object obtained from an input video of a plurality of frames in time series is estimated by using an object image obtained by excluding at least a part of a region common to the plurality of frames from an image corresponding to the object.

Abstract: A target estimation image which is an image of a target at a time point t+w·u obtained by spinning the object in an object image at a time point t obtained from an input video of a plurality of frames in time-series by w unit time on the basis of a hypothesis of spin state and an object image at the time point t+w·u obtained from the input video are used, to estimate the spin state of the object by selecting a hypothesis of spin state and w in which likelihood of the target estimation image becomes high from among a plurality of hypotheses of spin states and a plurality of w whose absolute values are two or more, wherein an absolute value of w is an integer of 2 or more and u is a unit time.

Abstract: A target estimation image which is an image of a target at a time point t+w·u obtained by spinning the object in an object image which is an image of the object at a time point t obtained from an input video in time-series by w unit time on the basis of a hypothesis of spin state and an object image at the time point t+w·u obtained from the input video are used, to estimate a spin state of the object by selecting a hypothesis of spin state and w in which likelihood of the target estimation image becomes high from among a plurality of hypotheses of spin states and a plurality of w, wherein an absolute value of W is an integer of 1 or more and u is a unit time.

Abstract: Information for displaying information representing rotation axes of balls seen from a first point side or a second point side in regard to one or more motions of the balls moving from the first point side to the second point side is output, and information for displaying information representing rotation axes of the balls seen from an outer side located in a direction that is orthogonal to a virtual straight line connecting the first point to the second point in regard to the motions is output.

Abstract: This surface-treated sol-gel silica is characterized by containing sol-gel silica having an average particle size of 0.05 ?m or more and 2.0 ?m or less as measured by laser diffraction scattering and a surface treatment agent on the surface of the sol-gel silica. In a dispersion produced by dispersing 5 mass % of the sol-gel silica in ethanol by emitting ultrasonic waves at 40W for 10 minutes, the content of particles with particle sizes of 5 ?m or more is 10 ppm or less in a particle number size distribution obtained by a Coulter counter method.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is provided with a pressure accumulator accumulating a high pressure fuel, a fuel pump supplying the high pressure fuel to the pressure accumulator, a fuel injector injecting the high pressure fuel, and a fuel pressure sensor detecting a fuel pressure in a fuel passage between the pressure accumulator and an injection port of the fuel injector. An ECU includes a fuel pressure obtaining portion which obtains the fuel pressure detected by the fuel pressure sensor, a differential value calculating portion which differentiates the fuel pressure obtained by the fuel pressure obtaining portion so as to calculate a fuel pressure differential value, and an end timing calculating portion which calculates an injection end timing at which the fuel injector terminates a fuel injection.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is provided with a pressure accumulator accumulating a high pressure fuel, a fuel pump supplying the high pressure fuel to the pressure accumulator, a fuel injector injecting the high pressure fuel, and a fuel pressure sensor detecting a fuel pressure in a fuel passage between the pressure accumulator and an injection port of the fuel injector. An ECU includes a fuel pressure obtaining portion which obtains the fuel pressure detected by the fuel pressure sensor, a differential value calculating portion which differentiates the fuel pressure obtained by the fuel pressure obtaining portion so as to calculate a fuel pressure differential value, and an end timing calculating portion which calculates an injection end timing at which the fuel injector terminates a fuel injection.

Abstract: A pulsation detection unit detects, as an actual characteristic, a pulsation frequency of a pressure pulsation, which is caused in fuel pressure, or a physical quantity corresponding to the pulsation frequency, according to a sensor signal from a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor detects a fuel pressure of fuel supplied to a fuel injection valve, which is equipped to an internal combustion engine. A storage unit stores, as a reference characteristic, a reference frequency of a predetermined reference pulsation or a physical quantity corresponding to the reference frequency. A density detection unit detects a fuel density according to a quantity of deviation between the reference characteristic, which is stored in the storage unit, and the actual characteristic, which is detected with the pulsation detection unit.

Abstract: A fuel injection system has a common rail storing fuel, a fuel injector injecting the fuel, a fuel-passage supplying the fuel to the fuel injector, and a fuel-pressure sensor detecting a fuel pressure. An ECU acquires a waveform of a fuel pressure representing a change of a fuel pressure based on the detected fuel pressure at the fuel injection. The ECU calculates a speed of a fuel pressure wave forming the waveform of the fuel pressure based on a period of a pulsation of the waveform of the fuel pressure and a fuel passage length, and a fuel density based on the speed of the fuel pressure wave. The ECU further calculates a fuel cetane number, and a kinematic viscosity of the fuel based on the fuel density and the fuel cetane number. The ECU judges fuel properties based on the kinematic viscosity of the fuel.

Abstract: A pulsation detection unit detects, as an actual characteristic, a pulsation frequency of a pressure pulsation, which is caused in fuel pressure, or a physical quantity corresponding to the pulsation frequency, according to a sensor signal from a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor detects a fuel pressure of fuel supplied to a fuel injection valve, which is equipped to an internal combustion engine. A storage unit stores, as a reference characteristic, a reference frequency of a predetermined reference pulsation or a physical quantity corresponding to the reference frequency. A density detection unit detects a fuel density according to a quantity of deviation between the reference characteristic, which is stored in the storage unit, and the actual characteristic, which is detected with the pulsation detection unit.

Abstract: A fuel injection system has a common rail storing fuel, a fuel injector injecting the fuel, a fuel-passage supplying the fuel to the fuel injector, and a fuel-pressure sensor detecting a fuel pressure. An ECU acquires a waveform of a fuel pressure representing a change of a fuel pressure based on the detected fuel pressure at the fuel injection. The ECU calculates a speed of a fuel pressure wave forming the waveform of the fuel pressure based on a period of a pulsation of the waveform of the fuel pressure and a fuel passage length, and a fuel density based on the speed of the fuel pressure wave. The ECU further calculates a fuel cetane number, and a kinematic viscosity of the fuel based on the fuel density and the fuel cetane number. The ECU judges fuel properties based on the kinematic viscosity of the fuel.

Abstract: A fuel-injection-condition estimating apparatus is applied to a fuel injection system which includes a fuel injector injecting a fuel accumulated in an accumulator and a fuel pressure sensor detecting a fuel pressure in a fuel supply passage from the accumulator to an injection port of the fuel injector. The fuel-injection-condition estimating apparatus includes: a fuel-pressure-waveform detecting portion which detects a variation in the fuel pressure as a fuel pressure waveform based on a detection value of the fuel pressure sensor; and an injection-rate waveform computing portion which computes an injection-rate waveform indicative of a variation in an injection-rate based on the fuel pressure waveform. The injection-rate waveform computing portion computes an ascending-waveform portion where the injection-rate is ascending due to a fuel injection in such a manner that an injection-rate ascending speed becomes slower at a specified point on the ascending-waveform portion.

Abstract: A fuel temperature determining apparatus for an internal combustion is provided which determines the temperature of fuel delivered to a fuel injector without use of a pressure sensor. The fuel temperature determining apparatus includes a pressure sensor that measures the pressure of fuel delivered to the fuel injector and works to analyze an output of the pressure sensor to determine a cycle of a pressure pulsation created in the fuel. The fuel temperature determining apparatus also calculates the temperature of the fuel delivered to the fuel injector based on the cycle of the pressure pulsation.