Abstract: In the optical element fixing method, when optical element 10 is adhesively fixing member 20 by using the optical-curing adhesive, the optical-curing adhesive is applied on at least one of the adhesion sections of the optical element and the adhesive section of the fixing member, and the optical-curing adhesive is irradiated with the light from the light source through the loading jig while the load is being applied to the adhesion fixing section through loading jig 31 made of light-transmissive material.

Abstract: In the optical element fixing method, when optical element 10 is adhesively fixing member 20 by using the optical-curing adhesive, the optical-curing adhesive is applied on at least one of the adhesion sections of the optical element and the adhesive section of the fixing member, and the optical-curing adhesive is irradiated with the light from the light source through the loading jig while the load is being applied to the adhesion fixing section through loading jig 31 made of light-transmissive material.

Abstract: An optical bidirectional module 10 having therein light emitting element 11 which transmits optical signal to the end facet of the optical fiber, light receiving element 12 which receives optical signal from the end facet of the optical fiber and stair-shaped multi-level grating 15, wherein the stair-shaped multi-level grating separates the first light path between the end facet of optical fiber and the light emitting element and the second light path between the end facet of optical fiber and the light receiving element by a different wavelength of each optical signal, when the module mixes and separates optical signal with different wavelengths traveling in opposite directions related to the end facet of the optical fiber 1, used for bidirectional optical fiber communication by means of a wavelength multiplex system.

Abstract: A plasma etching method for processing a substrate material, wherein a deposition process (S09) that uses a deposition gas as a process and an etching process (S11) that uses an etching gas as a process gas are alternately and repeatedly executed, thereby etching a substrate material, and a vacuuming process (S10, S13) is interposed between the two processes so that the process gas which has just finished being used is expelled out when the process gases are switched. Thus, the etching gas and the deposition gas do not mix during each process, thereby accurately creating a high-aspect-ratio recessed and protruding pattern on the surface of a substrate material.

Abstract: An optical bidirectional module 10 having therein light emitting element 11 which transmits optical signal to the end facet of the optical fiber, light receiving element 12 which receives optical signal from the end facet of the optical fiber and stair-shaped multi-level grating 15, wherein the stair-shaped multi-level grating separates the first light path between the end facet of optical fiber and the light emitting element and the second light path between the end facet of optical fiber and the light receiving element by a different wavelength of each optical signal, when the module mixes and separates optical signal with different wavelengths traveling in opposite directions related to the end facet of the optical fiber 1, used for bidirectional optical fiber communication by means of a wavelength multiplex system.