Abstract: The present invention provides a cellulose composite composed of a cellulose and a polysaccharide, wherein a Bragg spacing by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of a sediment obtained by subjecting a 0.1% by mass aqueous dispersion of the cellulose composite to a centrifugation treatment is 8.6 nm or more, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: A scanner includes a reading unit that reads an image of a paper, a medium feeding portion that is capable of selecting a first feeding mode in which a separation feeding for separately feeding a paper bundle in which a plurality of sheets of paper is overlapped with each other is performed and a second feeding mode in which a non-separation feeding for collectively feeding the paper bundle without separating is performed, and a pair of first transporting rollers and a pair of second transporting rollers that transport the paper fed by the medium feeding portion, in a case in which the medium feeding portion feeds the paper in the second feeding mode, a first driven roller and a second driven roller respectively constituting the pair of first transporting rollers and the pair of second transporting rollers are driven in a rotation direction where the paper is transported.

Abstract: A scanner includes a reading unit that reads an image of a paper, a medium feeding portion that is capable of selecting a first feeding mode in which a separation feeding for separately feeding a paper bundle in which a plurality of sheets of paper is overlapped with each other is performed and a second feeding mode in which a non-separation feeding for collectively feeding the paper bundle without separating is performed, and a pair of first transporting rollers and a pair of second transporting rollers that transport the paper fed by the medium feeding portion, in a case in which the medium feeding portion feeds the paper in the second feeding mode, a first driven roller and a second driven roller respectively constituting the pair of first transporting rollers and the pair of second transporting rollers are driven in a rotation direction where the paper is transported.

Abstract: A second unit configured to be opened or closed with respect to a first unit includes a background plate configured to be switched between a facing state in which the background plate faces a image sensor and a non-facing state in which the facing state of the background plate and the image sensor is released and a power receiving section configured to receive power from a motor to switch the state of the background plate. The first unit includes an intermediate cam configured to be rotated by the power from a motor and a cam member configured to receive the power of the motor via the intermediate cam, the cam member having a receiving section of a size the power receiving section is received regardless of a position of the power receiving section when the intermediate cam is in the neutral position.

Abstract: A basic pulse time setting section determines a basic pulse time for initial invalid stroke elimination by applying current values of oil temperature and throttle opening to the basic pulse time map. A subtraction time setting section determines a subtraction time by applying current values of oil temperature and clutch oil pressure to the subtraction time map. A pulse time determining section determines a predetermined initial invalid stroke elimination pulse time by subtracting the subtraction time from the basic pulse time. An initial invalid stroke elimination permission/inhibition determination section, at a starting timing of initial invalid stroke elimination, inhibits this-time initial invalid stroke elimination if the elapsed time from the execution timing of the preceding initial invalid stroke elimination is within the predetermined inhibition period.

Abstract: A scanner includes a reading unit that reads an image of a paper, a medium feeding portion that is capable of selecting a first feeding mode in which a separation feeding for separately feeding a paper bundle in which a plurality of sheets of paper is overlapped with each other is performed and a second feeding mode in which a non-separation feeding for collectively feeding the paper bundle without separating is performed, and a pair of first transporting rollers and a pair of second transporting rollers that transport the paper fed by the medium feeding portion, in a case in which the medium feeding portion feeds the paper in the second feeding mode, a first driven roller and a second driven roller respectively constituting the pair of first transporting rollers and the pair of second transporting rollers are driven in a rotation direction where the paper is transported.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a separating roller that is capable of switching between a separation state in which an original document is separated and a non-separation state in which the original document is not separated, and determines whether or not the original document is fed in the separation state or the non-separation state based on the types of the original document set through a user interface for instructing a select of the types of the original document to be read and a start of reading the original document.

Abstract: A gear position detecting device includes a rotation angle sensor for detecting a turn position of a shift drum and a position sensor for detecting that the shift drum is at a neutral position. The rotation angle sensor is a volume sensor that linearly increases or decreases an output voltage according to a turning motion of the shift drum. The neutral position is set in such a way as not to overlap a dead zone. It is determined according to an output signal of the rotation angle sensor and an output signal of the position sensor whether the shift drum is at a reverse gear position located between the neutral position and the dead zone or a fifth gear position turned by 360 degrees from the reverse gear position. Such detecting device detects a gear position with a high accuracy even if the number of gear positions are increased.

Abstract: A scanner includes a reading unit that reads an image of a paper, a medium feeding portion that is capable of selecting a first feeding mode in which a separation feeding for separately feeding a paper bundle in which a plurality of sheets of paper is overlapped with each other is performed and a second feeding mode in which a non-separation feeding for collectively feeding the paper bundle without separating is performed, and a pair of first transporting rollers and a pair of second transporting rollers that transport the paper fed by the medium feeding portion, in a case in which the medium feeding portion feeds the paper in the second feeding mode, a first driven roller and a second driven roller respectively constituting the pair of first transporting rollers and the pair of second transporting rollers are driven in a rotation direction where the paper is transported.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a separating roller that is capable of switching between a separation state in which an original document is separated and a non-separation state in which the original document is not separated, and determines whether or not the original document is fed in the separation state or the non-separation state based on the types of the original document set through a user interface for instructing a select of the types of the original document to be read and a start of reading the original document.

Abstract: A second unit configured to be opened or closed with respect to a first unit includes a background plate configured to be switched between a facing state in which the background plate faces a image sensor and a non-facing state in which the facing state of the background plate and the image sensor is released and a power receiving section configured to receive power from a motor to switch the state of the background plate. The first unit includes an intermediate cam configured to be rotated by the power from a motor and a cam member configured to receive the power of the motor via the intermediate cam, the cam member having a receiving section of a size the power receiving section is received regardless of a position of the power receiving section when the intermediate cam is in the neutral position.

Abstract: A driving force control device for saddled vehicle includes a transmission that transmits driving force of an engine to a driving wheel of a vehicle at predetermined reduction ratio; a clutch that connects/disconnects the driving force between the engine and the transmission; and a controller that controls the transmission and the clutch. The controller permits selection of a normal mode in which the reduction ratio of the transmission is varied according to a running condition and a slow mode permitting slow forward movement and slow backward movement by varying the reduction ratio of the transmission to a fixed reduction ratio according to predetermined operation, and the controller holds the clutch in a partial clutch engagement condition so as to prevent the vehicle from moving forward or backward when the slow mode is selected and no predetermined operation is performed.

Abstract: A basic clutch capacity calculating unit calculates a clutch capacity of the DCT applying an engine speed, a degree of throttle opening, and a front wheel vehicle speed to a map. The basic clutch capacity calculating unit further calculates the DCT basic clutch capacity by amending the basic clutch capacity based on an oil temperature and a water temperature. An NE converted value calculating unit calculates an NE converted value obtained by converting a vehicle speed into an engine speed with the front wheel vehicle speed and a DCT speed change stage as input parameters. A hunting detecting unit detects hunting by comparing the engine speed with the NE converted value when a throttle operation is detected. A DCT clutch capacity correcting unit makes decreasing correction of a DCT clutch capacity when hunting is detected for suppressing the hunting.

Abstract: The ion exchange membrane according to the present invention comprises a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein the layer B has a value of an ion cluster diameter distribution M represented by the following formula (B) of greater than 10: M=(a0)2/(?)2??(B) wherein M represents an ion cluster diameter distribution, a0 represents an average ion cluster radius, and ? represents a standard deviation of an ion cluster radius.

Abstract: The ion exchange membrane according to the present invention comprises a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein an ion exchange capacity of the layer B is 0.81 mEq/g or more, and a value of (an ion cluster diameter of the layer B)/(an ion cluster diameter of the layer A) is 0.67 to 0.89.

Abstract: A driving force control device for saddled vehicle includes a transmission that transmits driving force of an engine to a driving wheel of a vehicle at predetermined reduction ratio; a clutch that connects/disconnects the driving force between the engine and the transmission; and a controller that controls the transmission and the clutch. The controller permits selection of a normal mode in which the reduction ratio of the transmission is varied according to a running condition and a slow mode permitting slow forward movement and slow backward movement by varying the reduction ratio of the transmission to a fixed reduction ratio according to predetermined operation, and the controller holds the clutch in a partial clutch engagement condition so as to prevent the vehicle from moving forward or backward when the slow mode is selected and no predetermined operation is performed.

Abstract: The ion exchange membrane according to the present invention comprises a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein a ratio of an ion cluster diameter of the layer B after electrolysis under the following electrolysis conditions to the ion cluster diameter of the layer B before the electrolysis [(the ion cluster diameter of the layer B after the electrolysis)/(the ion cluster diameter of the layer B before the electrolysis)] is 0.83 to 0.95: (Electrolysis Conditions) in a zero-gap base electrolytic cell where the ion exchange membrane is disposed between an anode chamber to which a 3.5 N aqueous sodium chloride solution is supplied and a cathode chamber to which a 10.8 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is supplied, electrolysis is performed for 7 days under conditions having a temperature of 85° C. and a current density of 6 kA/m2.

Abstract: A medium transporting device includes a driving roller that transports a medium and that is driven to rotate, a driven roller that nips the medium between the driving roller and the driven roller and rotates in accordance with the rotation of the driving roller, a rotary shaft of the driven roller, a first pressing member that presses the rotary shaft in a direction in which the driven roller comes into contact with the driving roller, a second pressing member that presses the rotary shaft in a direction in which the driven roller comes into contact with the driving roller, and a spacer member that is integrally provided with a first spacer interposed between the rotary shaft and the first pressing member and a second spacer interposed between the rotary shaft and the second pressing member.

Abstract: A gear position detecting device includes a rotation angle sensor for detecting a turn position of a shift drum and a position sensor for detecting that the shift drum is at a neutral position. The rotation angle sensor is a volume sensor that linearly increases or decreases an output voltage according to a turning motion of the shift drum. The neutral position is set in such a way as not to overlap a dead zone. It is determined according to an output signal of the rotation angle sensor and an output signal of the position sensor whether the shift drum is at a reverse gear position located between the neutral position and the dead zone or a fifth gear position turned by 360 degrees from the reverse gear position. Such detecting device detects a gear position with a high accuracy even if the number of gear positions are increased.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a separating roller that is capable of switching between a separation state in which an original document is separated and a non-separation state in which the original document is not separated, and determines whether or not the original document is fed in the separation state or the non-separation state based on the types of the original document set through a user interface for instructing a select of the types of the original document to be read and a start of reading the original document.