Abstract: An image forming apparatus for calculating a masking coefficient is provides, in which the masking coefficient is calculated by using RGB input image signals obtained by reading a document of which spectral characteristics are known by an image reading part and CMYK output image signals optimal for reproducing a color of the document. The masking coefficient can be also calculated by using difference values between CMYK output image signals obtained from actually read RGB signals and optimal CMYK output image signals.

Abstract: Oxetane compounds represented by general formula (1), which are excellent in radical polymerizability and cationic polymerizability and in compatibility and copolymerizability with other copolymerizable monomers; a process for producing the compounds; and an oxetane copolymer which is excellent in compatibility among the monomer units and has a low water absorption and excellent transparency. [In general formula (1), substituent R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl, allyl, aryl, furyl, or thienyl; substituents R2, R3, and R4 each independently is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; and m and n each is an integer of 1 to 10 (provided that not all of R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen)].

Abstract: Oxetane compounds represented by general formula (1), which are excellent in radical polymerizability and cationic polymerizability and in compatibility and copolymerizability with other copolymerizable monomers; a process for producing the compounds; and an oxetane copolymer which is excellent in compatibility among the monomer units and has a low water absorption and excellent transparency.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the type sequentially transferring a plurality of toner images formed on an image carrier to an intermediate image transfer body one upon the other (primary transfer) and collectively transferring them from the intermediate image transfer body to a recording medium (secondary transfer) is disclosed. The intermediate image transfer body is implemented by a roller including a metallic core, a base layer formed on the core, and a surface layer formed on the base layer. The base layer and surface layer have a total resistance between 1.57×108 &OHgr; and 1.57×109 &OHgr; for a unit length (1/cm). The surface layer has a volume resistivity between 1×106 &OHgr; cm and 1×109 &OHgr; cm. The roller is free from defective image transfer ascribable to the varying environment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photo-curable composition comprising the following components (A) to (C): (A) hydrolyzable silane compound represented by the general formula (1) or a hydrolyzate thereof: (R1)pSi(X)4−p (1) wherein R1 is a non-hydrolyzable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, X is a hydrolyzable group, and p is an integer of 0 to 3; (B) photo acid generator; and (C) dehydrating agent. By such constitution, it is possible to provide a photo-curable composition which has a rapid photo-curable rate, is excellent in characteristics such as storage stability, heat resistance, weather-ability, scratch resistance and the like, and is applicable to base materials having low heat resistance such as plastics, as well as a cured product obtained therefrom.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, an intermediate transfer element to transfer a developed image, an electrode to apply a bias having preselected polarity to the intermediate transfer element and form an electric field. The intermediate transfer element has an adhering force acting on toner of the developed image that is greater than or equal to an adhering force acting between the toner and the image carrier, and when a frictional charging polarity of the toner which rubs against the intermediate transfer element is the same polarity as the bias applied to the intermediate transfer element from the electrode.

Abstract: Process for producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile from propane or isobutane by ammoxidation at a temperature in the range of from 380 to 500.degree. C. in a fluidized-bed reactor containing a catalyst composition preheated to a temperature of not lower than 300.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to time-of-flight mass spectrometers that use a pulser to provide an orthogonal acceleration to a continuous flow of a beam of ions so as to cause a packet of ions to flow out into an orthogonal direction and enter a detector. The invention makes the size of the emission outflow aperture of a pulser in the direction of the continuous flow of ions greater than the size of the aperture of the ion detector in the direction of the continuous flow of ions. In particular, the size of the ion emission aperture is at least twice as large as the size of the aperture of the detector.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising (A) a fluorine-containing polymer, (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (1) or a partial condensation product thereof,SiR.sup.1.sub.n (OR.sup.2).sub.4-n (1)wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a group containing --SH, or a group containing --NCO, each containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or acyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 0 to 3, and (C) a chelate complex derived from a metal alkoxide. The coating composition can efficiently form a transparent cured coating exhibiting superior adhesion to various substrates, excellent scratch resistance, excellent weatherability, and having a low refractive index.

Abstract: Process for producing acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile from propane or isobutane by ammoxidation at a temperature in the range of from 380 to 500.degree. C. in a fluidized-bed reactor containing a catalyst composition preheated to a temperature of not lower than 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Aminophenol derivatives of the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen atom, lower alkyl or a protecting group for phenolic hydroxy, Y is hydrogen atom or lower alkyl, Z is hydrogen atom, lower alkyl, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl, A is hydrogen atom or lower alkyl, t is an integer of 1 to 5, l and m are respectively an integer of 2 to 4, E and W are nitrogen atoms, F is a direct bond or oxygen atom, P and Q are each hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, and R.sup.8 is hydrogen atom, hydroxy or a hydroxy-protecting group, and their pharmcologically acceptable salts. Since the aminophenol derivatives (I) of the present invention have excellent antioxidative action and antiinflammatory and antiallergic action in mammalian animals including human, they are extremely useful as pharmaceuticals such as an antiinflammatory or an antiallergic.

Abstract: A rotational speed detector for an internal combustion engine comprises a waveform processor for eliminating pulses generated within a predetermined period of time after a certain pulse appears and a measuring circuit for measuring a rotational speed based on outputs from the waveform processor. The waveform processor of the rotational speed detector thus eliminates the effects of such an unexpected pulse generated, for example, by the vibration of the ignition coil for the engine. Consequently, the measuring means detects the rotational speed accurately without measuring the unexpected pulse.