Abstract: An all-solid secondary battery, including: a cathode; an anode; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode comprises an anode current collector; a first anode active material layer in contact with the anode current collector and comprising a first metal; a second anode active material layer disposed between the first anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer and comprising a carbon-containing active material; and a contact layer between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and disposed such that the contact layer prevents contact between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the contact layer comprises a second metal, and has a thickness less than a thickness of the first anode active material layer.

Abstract: A transmission/reception system includes: a second transmission/reception device configured to convert a multiplexed signal into a first digital signal in a first format, convert the signal into a first analog signal, and convert the signal into a second optical signal, and convert a first electrical signal into a second digital signal, demodulate the signal to generate a third digital signal, and output a plurality of sixth optical signals; and third transmission/reception device configured to convert a second electrical signal into a fourth digital signal, and demodulate the signal to generate a plurality of fifth digital signals; and convert a plurality of sixth digital signals into a seventh digital signal in a second format, convert the signal into a second analog signal, and convert the signal into a fourth optical signal.

Abstract: An all-solid-state secondary battery including: a cathode including a cathode active material layer; an anode including an anode current collector, and an anode active material layer on the anode current collector, wherein the anode active material layer includes an anode active material which is alloyable with lithium or forms a compound with lithium; and a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and the anode, wherein a ratio of an initial charge capacity (b) of the anode active material layer to an initial charge capacity (a) of the cathode active material layer satisfies a condition of Equation 1: 0.01 <(b/a)<0.5, wherein a is the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer determined from a first open circuit voltage to a maximum charging voltage, and b is the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer determined from a second open circuit voltage to 0.01 volts vs. Li/Li+.

Abstract: An all-solid lithium secondary battery, including: a cathode including a cathode active material layer; a solid electrolyte layer; and an anode including an anode active material layer, which forms an alloy or a compound with lithium, wherein the cathode, the solid electrolyte is between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode active material layer includes about 33 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of an amorphous carbon with respect to the total mass of an anode active material in the anode active material layer, and a ratio of the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer to the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer satisfies 0.01<b/a<0.5, wherein a is the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer, and b is the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer.

Abstract: An all-solid-state secondary battery including: a cathode including a cathode active material layer; an anode including an anode current collector, and an anode active material layer on the anode current collector, wherein the anode active material layer includes an anode active material which is alloyable with lithium or forms a compound with lithium; and a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode and the anode, wherein a ratio of an initial charge capacity (b) of the anode active material layer to an initial charge capacity (a) of the cathode active material layer satisfies a condition of Equation 1: 0.01<(b/a)<0.5, wherein a is the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer determined from a first open circuit voltage to a maximum charging voltage, and b is the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer determined from a second open circuit voltage to 0.01 volts vs. Li/Li+.

Abstract: An all-solid secondary battery, including: a cathode; an anode; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode comprises an anode current collector; a first anode active material layer in contact with the anode current collector and comprising a first metal; a second anode active material layer disposed between the first anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer and comprising a carbon-containing active material; and a contact layer between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and disposed such that the contact layer prevents contact between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the contact layer comprises a second metal, and has a thickness less than a thickness of the first anode active material layer.

Abstract: A transmission/reception device is configured to convert an optical signal based on a plurality of first optical signals having frequency bands different from each other into an electric signal and output the electric signal as a plurality of first electric signals; receive the plurality of first electric signals, change frequency bands of some or all of a plurality of second electric signals to narrow an interval between frequency bands of two second electric signals having frequency bands adjacent to each other, and output, as third electric signals, electric signals; to receive a plurality of the third electric signals, combine and output the plurality of third electric signals as a fourth electric signal; and receive the fourth electric signal, convert the fourth electric signal into an optical signal, and output the optical signal as a second optical signal.

Abstract: An all-solid lithium secondary battery, including: a cathode including a cathode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer; and an anode including an anode active material layer, which forms an alloy or a compound with lithium, wherein the cathode, the solid electrolyte is between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode active material layer includes about 33 weight percent to about 95 weight percent of an amorphous carbon with respect to the total mass of an anode active material in the anode active material layer, and a ratio of the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer to the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer satisfies 0.01<b/a<0.5, wherein a is the initial charge capacity of the cathode active material layer, and b is the initial charge capacity of the anode active material layer.

Abstract: An all-solid secondary battery, including: a cathode; an anode; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode comprises an anode current collector; a first anode active material layer in contact with the anode current collector and comprising a first metal; a second anode active material layer disposed between the first anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer and comprising a carbon-containing active material; and a contact layer between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, and disposed such that the contact layer prevents contact between the second anode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the contact layer comprises a second metal, and has a thickness less than a thickness of the first anode active material layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus controlling method includes accepting input of a first image signal representing a first image, generating a second image signal by applying a first process of rotating the first image to the first image signal in accordance with the amount of rotation of the display apparatus calculated based on an output signal from an inertial sensor fixed to the display apparatus, and displaying on a display surface a display image corresponding to a second image based on the second image signal.

Abstract: A display method includes attenuating the brightness of an image corresponding to a superimposed area of a first image when the position of a projector is a reference position based on a first attenuation coefficient specified in accordance with the position in the superimposed area, calculating displacement information on displacement of the projector based on an output signal from an inertial sensor when the position of the projector is displaced from the reference position, obtaining a corrected first attenuation coefficient by correcting the first attenuation coefficient in accordance with the displacement information, and attenuating the brightness of the image corresponding to the superimposed area of the first image based on the corrected first attenuation coefficient when the position of the projector is displaced from the reference position.

Abstract: A fluorescence photometer includes a photometer unit and an optical fiber unit. The photometer unit includes a light source, an excitation-side spectroscope for separating light emitted from the light source to generate excitation light, and a fluorescence-side spectroscope for separating fluorescent light emitted from a sample irradiated with the excitation light to generate monochromatic light. The optical fiber unit guides the excitation light to the sample placed outside the photometer unit and guides the fluorescent light emitted from the sample to the photometer unit and includes an image fiber for capturing an image of the sample, an excitation-side fiber arranged around the image fiber and for guiding the excitation light to the sample, and a fluorescence-side fiber arranged around the image fiber and to guide the fluorescent light emitted from the sample to the photometer unit. The excitation-side fiber and the fluorescence-side fiber are arranged to surround the image fiber.

Abstract: A plant evaluation system is configured to calculate performance of a plant while receiving setting of operating conditions of the plant and devices installed in the plant and simulating a secular change occurring in the plant during an evaluation target period included in the operating conditions. At least one of the devices is added, a selection of a component improving performance of a certain device is received, and an improvement of the performance of the device by the component is expected and the performance of the plant is calculated.

Abstract: A material for a negative electrode active material layer, an all-solid-state rechargeable battery, and a charging method thereof, the material including amorphous carbon, a first element that forms an alloy or compound with lithium by an electrochemical reaction, and a second element that does not form an alloy or compound with lithium by an electrochemical reaction, wherein the second element is an element belonging to the fourth period and Groups 3 to 11 of the periodic table.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte material is represented by Formula 1 (Li3?xM1x)aYbM2c??Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, M1 includes at least one of Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr, M2 includes at least one of F, Cl, Br, or I, 0<x<3, 0.9?a?1.1, 0.9?b?1.1, and 5?c?7.

Abstract: A first optical path length from an emission surface of a first optical system to a reflection surface of a target object is calculated on the basis of first reflected light received by the first optical system and reference light generated by a splitter. A second optical path length from an emission surface of the second optical system to a reflection surface of a reflector is calculated on the basis of second reflected light reflected by the reflector and received by the second optical system and the reference light generated by the splitter A refractive index of a space is calculated on the basis of the second optical path length, and a distance from the emission surface of the first optical system to the reflection surface of the target object is calculated on the basis of the refractive index and the first optical path length.

Abstract: The optical distance measurement device is configured in such a manner that the frequency-swept light output unit outputs frequency-swept light during a time period from when frequency sweeping of frequency-swept light being output is completed to when the next frequency sweeping becomes possible, the frequency-swept light output during the time period being frequency swept at a different frequency from the frequency-swept light being output.

Abstract: A transmission/reception device is configured to convert an optical signal based on a plurality of first optical signals having frequency bands different from each other into an electric signal and output the electric signal as a plurality of first electric signals; receive the plurality of first electric signals, change frequency bands of some or all of a plurality of second electric signals to narrow an interval between frequency bands of two second electric signals having frequency bands adjacent to each other, and output, as third electric signals, electric signals; to receive a plurality of the third electric signals, combine and output the plurality of third electric signals as a fourth electric signal; and receive the fourth electric signal, convert the fourth electric signal into an optical signal, and output the optical signal as a second optical signal.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium-conductive solid-state electrolyte material that comprises a sulfide compound of a composition that does not deviate substantially from a formula of Li9S3N. The compound's conductivity is greater than about 1×10?7 S/cm at about 25° C. and is in contact with a negative electroactive material. Also provided is an electrochemical cell that includes an anode layer, a cathode layer, and the electrolyte layer between the anode and cathode layers. In an example, the material's activation energy can be no greater than about 0.52 eV at about 25° C.

Abstract: A laminate comprising a substrate; an adhesive layer formed on at least one surface of both surfaces of the substrate so as to be in direct contact with the substrate; and a plating layer formed on a surface of the adhesive layer opposite to the substrate, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a plating catalyst containing a precious metal, and a silane coupling agent.