Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display is produced by holding a ferroelectric liquid crystal between: an oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer of a first alignment treatment substrate, in which a first electrode layer and the oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer are formed in this order on a first substrate; and a fixed liquid crystal layer of a second alignment treatment substrate, in which a second electrode layer, an alignment layer for reactive liquid crystal and the fixed liquid crystal layer are laminated in this order on the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display includes: a first alignment treatment substrate having a first alignment layer which is a rubbed layer; a second alignment treatment substrate having a second alignment layer which is a photo alignment layer using a photo-dimerization type material; and a liquid crystal layer containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal and held between the first alignment treatment substrate and the second alignment treatment substrate. The ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibits mono-stability, and when a negative voltage is applied to a second electrode layer of the second alignment treatment substrate, a molecular direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is changed by about 2 times a tilt angle of the ferroelectric liquid crystal parallel to a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid crystal display having less alignment defects, which seldom causes aligning disorder at the boundary where ferroelectric liquid crystals allowed to flow are brought into contact with each other when the ferroelectric liquid crystals are coated on the substrate flow. The process includes a first alignment layer formation step and a liquid crystal coating step. The liquid crystal coating step is a step of linearly coating the ferroelectric liquid crystals on a first alignment layer of a liquid crystal side substrate in a direction substantially perpendicular or substantially parallel to the alignment treatment direction conducted in the first alignment layer formation step.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display, in which substrates are strongly fixed with an even cell gap to exhibit an excellent display quality. The liquid crystal display includes a spacer side substrate and a counter substrate in which the spacer side substrate and the counter substrate oppose a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer to each other; and in which a liquid crystal layer having a liquid crystal material are held between the spacer side substrate and the counter substrate. Additionally, a reactive alignment layer having a curable resin is formed on at least one of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer, and the spacer side substrate and the counter substrate are bonded to each other with the reactive alignment layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display includes a first alignment treatment substrate and a second alignment treatment substrate in which the first alignment treatment substrate and the second alignment treatment substrate have the first alignment layer and a reactive liquid crystal layer that face each other; and in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal is held between the first alignment layer and the reactive liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which can give mono-domain alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal without forming alignment defects. The liquid crystal display has a UV curable liquid crystal side substrate having a first substrate, an electrode layer formed on the first substrate, a first alignment layer formed on the electrode layer, and a UV curable liquid crystal layer with a UV curable liquid crystal fixed and formed on the first alignment layer; and a counter substrate having a second substrate, an electrode layer formed on the second substrate, and a second alignment layer formed on the electrode layer. The UV curable liquid crystal layer of the UV curable liquid crystal side substrate and the second alignment layer of the counter substrate are disposed so as to face each other such that a ferroelectric liquid crystal is sandwiched between the UV curable liquid crystal side substrate and the counter substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including two alignment substrates, each having, in this order, a substrate, an electrode layer and an alignment layer, with a ferroelectric liquid crystal interposed therebetween. At least one of the two alignment layers is a columnar alignment layer having a column structure with plate-like molecules laminated with the normal directions of the plate-like molecules aligned in a certain direction of the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid crystal display having less alignment defects, which seldom causes aligning disorder at the boundary where ferroelectric liquid crystals allowed to flow are brought into contact with each other when the ferroelectric liquid crystals are coated on the substrate flow. The process includes a first alignment layer formation step and a liquid crystal coating step. The liquid crystal coating step is a step of linearly coating the ferroelectric liquid crystals on a first alignment layer of a liquid crystal side substrate in a direction substantially perpendicular or substantially parallel to the alignment treatment direction conducted in the first alignment layer formation step.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display includes: a first alignment treatment substrate having a first alignment layer which is a rubbed layer; a second alignment treatment substrate having a second alignment layer which is a photo alignment layer using a photo-dimerization type material; and a liquid crystal layer containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal and held between the first alignment treatment substrate and the second alignment treatment substrate. The ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibits mono-stability, and when a negative voltage is applied to a second electrode layer of the second alignment treatment substrate, a molecular direction of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is changed by about 2 times a tilt angle of the ferroelectric liquid crystal parallel to a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display is produced by holding a ferroelectric liquid crystal between: an oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer of a first alignment treatment substrate, in which a first electrode layer and the oblique vapor deposition-alignment layer are formed in this order on a first substrate; and a fixed liquid crystal layer of a second alignment treatment substrate, in which a second electrode layer, an alignment layer for reactive liquid crystal and the fixed liquid crystal layer are laminated in this order on the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, which can give mono-domain alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal without forming alignment defects such as zigzag defects, hairpin defects and double domains and which is so remarkably good in alignment stability that the alignment thereof can be maintained even if the temperature of the liquid crystal is raised to the phase transition point or higher. The liquid crystal display has a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein an electrode and a photo alignment layer are each successively formed on opposite faces of the two substrates facing each other, and a constituent material of the respective photo alignment layer has a different composition with the ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched there between.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including two alignment substrates having a base material, an electrode layer and alignment layer, with a ferroelectric liquid crystal interposed therebetween. One of the two alignment layers for controlling the alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal has a column structure with plate-like molecules having the photo dichroism in the visible light range laminated with the normal directions of the plate-like molecules oriented in a certain direction, and it is provided a columnar alignment layer having the alignment function and the polarizing function.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, which can give mono-domain alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal without forming alignment defects which is so remarkably good in alignment stability that the alignment thereof can be maintained even if the temperature of the liquid crystal is raised to the phase transition point or higher. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display comprising a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein an electrode and a photo alignment layer are each successively formed a constituent material of the respective photo alignment layer is a photoreactive material which generates a photoreaction to give anisotropy to the photo alignment layer; and the constituent material of the respective photo alignment layer has different composition from each other with the ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal displays using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, which can give mono-domain alignment of ferroelectrical liquid crystal without forming orientation defects and which is so remarkably good in orientation stability that the orientation thereof can be maintained even if the temperature of the liquid crystal is raised to the phase transition point or higher. The invention provides liquid crystal displays comprising a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein an electrode and a photo alignment film are each successively formed, the first of which is a photoreactive material which generates photoreaction to give anisotropy to the photo alignment film, and the constituent material of the second film is an optically isomerizable material comprising an optically isomerization-reactive compound.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, which can give mono-domain alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal without forming alignment defects such as zigzag defects, hairpin defects and double domains and which is so remarkably good in alignment stability that the alignment thereof can be maintained even if the temperature of the liquid crystal is raised to the phase transition point or higher. The liquid crystal display has a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein an electrode and a photo alignment layer are each successively formed on opposite faces of the two substrates facing each other, and a constituent material of the respective photo alignment layer has a different composition with the ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, which can give mono-domain alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal without forming alignment defects such as zigzag defects, hairpin defects and double domains and which is so remarkably good in alignment stability that the alignment thereof can be maintained even if the temperature of the liquid crystal is raised to the phase transition point or higher. The liquid crystal display has a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between two substrates, wherein an electrode and a photo alignment layer are each successively formed on opposite faces of the two substrates facing each other, and a constituent material of the respective photo alignment layer has a different composition with the ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched there between.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display, in which substrates are strongly fixed with an even cell gap to exhibit an excellent display quality. The liquid crystal display includes a spacer side substrate and a counter substrate in which the spacer side substrate and the counter substrate oppose a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer to each other; and in which a liquid crystal layer having a liquid crystal material are held between the spacer side substrate and the counter substrate. Additionally, a reactive alignment layer having a curable resin is formed on at least one of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer, and the spacer side substrate and the counter substrate are bonded to each other with the reactive alignment layer interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A method of controlling the alignment of a ferroelectric liquid crystal without the need of an alignment process, such as a rubbing process and a photo alignment process, in a liquid crystal display using a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The method uses a columnar alignment layer having a column structure with a plate-like molecule having photo dichroism in the visible light range as one of the alignment layers for controlling the alignment of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The method forms a reactive liquid crystal layer produced by fixing a reactive liquid crystal including a polymerizable liquid crystal material on the side to be contacted with the ferroelectric liquid crystal on the columnar alignment layer, showing the nematic phase on the columnar alignment layer.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting mono-stability, which makes it possible to control the direction of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display includes a first alignment treatment substrate and a second alignment treatment substrate in which the first alignment treatment substrate and the second alignment treatment substrate have the first alignment layer and a reactive liquid crystal layer that face each other; and in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal is held between the first alignment layer and the reactive liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, showing the mono-stability operation mode using a material showing the chiral smectic C phase via the smectic A phase in the temperature cooling process as the ferroelectric liquid crystal.