Abstract: A method for pre-baking treatment of shaped and frozen bread dough includes placing the shaped and frozen bread dough in a container and raising an inner temperature of the container to a range of 17° C. to 40° C. at a raising rate of 0.1° C./min to 2° C./min to thaw and finally proof the shaped and frozen bread dough continuously. The inner temperature of the container is lowered to a range of −20° C. to 15° C. at a lowering rate of 0.2° C./min to 0.7° C./min after finally proofing the shaped and frozen bread dough. A temperature difference between a dew point of air inside the container and a surface temperature of the bread dough is controlled to be within 20° C. during the raising and lowering steps.

Abstract: The improvements in the light receiving members in which an aluminum material being used as the substrate for use in electrophotography and in other various devices. The improved light receiving member to be provided is characterized in that a buffer layer functioning to improve the bondability between the aluminum substrate and a light receiving layer to be disposed thereon is disposed between the substrate and said light receiving layer.The improved light receiving member is satisfactorily free from various problems due to insufficient bondability between the aluminum substrate and the light receiving layer imposed thereon which are found in the conventional light receiving members.

Abstract: The improvements in the light receiving members in which an aluminum material being used as the substrate for use in electrophotography and in other various devices. The improved light receiving member to be provided is characterized in that a buffer layer functioning to improve the bondability between the aluminum substrate and a light receiving layer to be disposed thereon is disposed between the substrate and said light receiving layer.The improved light receiving member is satisfactorily free from various problems due to insufficient bondability between the aluminum substrate and the light receiving layer imposed thereon which are found in the conventional light receiving members.

Abstract: A photoconductive member is provided, which comprises a support and a light receiving layer provided on said support containing an amorphous material comprising silicon atoms as the matrix, the free surface of said light receiving layer having a contact angle with water of 75.degree. or higher.