Abstract: A fuel cell system has a fuel cell, an air-refrigerant heat exchanger, and primary and secondary expansion valves. The air-refrigerant heat exchanger performs heat exchange between exhaust air discharged from the fuel cell and a refrigerant in a refrigeration cycle. The primary expansion valve reduces the pressure of the refrigerant at an upstream side of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger. The secondary expansion valve reduces the pressure of the refrigerant at a downstream side of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger. While the air-refrigerant heat exchanger performs the heat-exchange from the air to the refrigerant, the primary expansion valve controls a reduced magnitude of the pressure of the refrigerant so that a temperature of the refrigerant is set to a specified value within a range of 0° C. to 5° C., preferably set to 0° C., at which water component contained in the air does not freeze.

Abstract: A fuel cell system has a fuel cell, an air-refrigerant heat exchanger, and primary and secondary expansion valves. The air-refrigerant heat exchanger performs heat exchange between exhaust air discharged from the fuel cell and a refrigerant in a refrigeration cycle. The primary expansion valve reduces the pressure of the refrigerant at an upstream side of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger. The secondary expansion valve reduces the pressure of the refrigerant at a downstream side of the air-refrigerant heat exchanger. While the air-refrigerant heat exchanger performs the heat-exchange from the air to the refrigerant, the primary expansion valve controls a reduced magnitude of the pressure of the refrigerant so that a temperature of the refrigerant is set to a specified value within a range of 0° C. to 5° C., preferably set to 0° C., at which water component contained in the air does not freeze.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell (FC stack), an inflow passage valve provided in a hydrogen inflow passage through which hydrogen is supplied to the FC stack, and a discharge passage valve provided in a hydrogen discharge passage through which hydrogen containing gas is discharged from the FC stack as exhaust gas. In the fuel cell, hydrogen is supplied to the FC stack intermittently in accordance with an amount of hydrogen consumed in the FC stack, by controlling opening and closing of the inflow passage valve and the hydrogen discharge valve.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell (FC stack), an inflow passage valve provided in a hydrogen inflow passage through which hydrogen is supplied to the FC stack, and a discharge passage valve provided in a hydrogen discharge passage through which hydrogen containing gas is discharged from the FC stack as exhaust gas. In the fuel cell, hydrogen is supplied to the FC stack intermittently in accordance with an amount of hydrogen consumed in the FC stack, by controlling opening and closing of the inflow passage valve and the hydrogen discharge valve.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus for vehicle use which can obtain sufficient heater capacity even in a cold-climate region, can utilize an existing heater unit, can combine a combustion type heater with a simple assembly operation, and can utilize exhaust heat of a motor for travel use of an automobile for heating a passenger compartment. The air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigeration cycle connecting a refrigerant compressor, a refrigerant/water heat exchanger, a first pressure-reducer, and an exterior heat exchanger in an annular configuration. Further, a hot-water cycle connects the refrigerant/water heat exchanger, a hot-water heater core, an exhaust-heat cooler, and a water pump in an annular configuration and connects a combustion type heater in parallel with the refrigerant/water heat exchanger.