Abstract: Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a molecular weight of 32 to 10,000 containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, (b) another specific sulfur material containing no sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, but containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of +1 to +4 [with the proviso that the sulfur material (b) is such a material that a surface of the surface-treated catalyst electrode has a photoelectron peak within a binding energy range of 161 to 165 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectrum], or (c) a mixture of the sulfur materials (a) and (b); and/or by adding the sulfur material into the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a molecular weight of 32 to 10,000 containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, (b) another specific sulfur material containing no sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, but containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of +1 to +4 [with the proviso that the sulfur material (b) is such a material that a surface of the surface-treated catalyst electrode has a photoelectron peak within a binding energy range of 161 to 165 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectrum], or (c) a mixture of the sulfur materials (a) and (b); and/or by adding the sulfur material into the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a molecular weight of 32 to 10,000 containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, (b) another specific sulfur material containing no sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, but containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of +1 to +4 [with the proviso that the sulfur material (b) is such a material that a surface of the surface-treated catalyst electrode has a photoelectron peak within a binding energy range of 161 to 165 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectrum], or (c) a mixture of the sulfur materials (a) and (b); and/or by adding the sulfur material into the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a molecular weight of 32 to 10,000 containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, (b) another specific sulfur material containing no sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, but containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of +1 to +4 [with the proviso that the sulfur material (b) is such a material that a surface of the surface-treated catalyst electrode has a photoelectron peak within a binding energy range of 161 to 165 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectrum 1, or (c) a mixture of the sulfur materials (a) and (b); and/or by adding the sulfur material into the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a molecular weight of 32 to 10,000 containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, (b) another specific sulfur material containing no sulfur atom having an oxidation number of ?2 to 0, but containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of +1 to +4 [with the proviso that the sulfur material (b) is such a material that a surface of the surface-treated catalyst electrode has a photoelectron peak within a binding energy range of 161 to 165 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectrum], or (c) a mixture of the sulfur materials (a) and (b); and/or by adding the sulfur material into the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Providing a dye-sensitized solar cell having high durability and thermal resistance, and preventing elution of a platinum group catalyst from a catalytic electrode: by surface-treating the catalytic electrode with (a) a specific sulfur material having a molecular weight of 32 to 10,000 containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of -2 to 0, (b) another specific sulfur material containing no sulfur atom having an oxidation number of -2 to 0, but containing a sulfur atom having an oxidation number of +1 to +4 [with the proviso that the sulfur material (b) is such a material that a surface of the surface-treated catalyst electrode has a photoelectron peak within a binding energy range of 161 to 165 eV in an X-ray photoelectron spectrum], or (c) a mixture of the sulfur materials (a) and (b); and/or by adding the sulfur material into the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: In a synthetic method for porous silica crystals through a hydrothermal reaction, a method for synthesizing porous silica crystals with a size of 0.5 mm or larger in high reproducibility and efficiency is provided using a method for manufacturing the porous silica crystals, wherein a high concentration area with silicon is formed as a partial area inside a hydrothermal synthesis vessel, and at least a part of a surface-smoothed bulk material is present in the high concentration area with silicon to perform the hydrothermal reaction, the bulk material comprising a compound containing both silicon and oxygen as a supply source for a part or a whole of the structure composition elements of the porous silica crystals.

Abstract: In a synthetic method for porous silica crystals through a hydrothermal reaction, a method for synthesizing porous silica crystals with a size of 0.5 mm or larger in high reproducibility and efficiency is provided using a method for manufacturing the porous silica crystals, wherein a high concentration area with silicon is formed as a partial area inside a hydrothermal synthesis vessel, and at least a part of a surface-smoothed bulk material is present in the high concentration area with silicon to perform the hydrothermal reaction, the bulk material comprising a compound containing both silicon and oxygen as a supply source for a part or a whole of the structure composition elements of the porous silica crystals.