Abstract: Provided are a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus for efficiently manufacturing a halogen oxoacid solution with a high quality and excellent industrial properties. Specifically, a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus of a halogen oxoacid are provided. The manufacturing method and the manufacturing apparatus include continuously supplying an organic alkaline solution and a halogen from a first end to a second end of a reaction tube so that liquid phase parts and/or gas phase parts are alternately and repeatedly provided in a transfer passage of the reaction tube, to perform gas-liquid mixing of the organic alkaline solution and the halogen at the liquid phase parts and/or gas phase parts.

Abstract: A metal powder having a BET specific surface area of 5 to 250 m2/g is obtained by contacting and mixing together a gas of a metal chloride (metal source gas) and a reducing gas (e.g., hydrogen gas) that have been separately heated so as to instantaneously form fine metal particles based on the gas phase reduction reaction thereof, and collecting the fine metal particles from the gas stream after the reaction.

Abstract: A metal powder having a BET specific surface area of 5 to 250 m2/g is obtained by contacting and mixing together a gas of a metal chloride (metal source gas) and a reducing gas (e.g., hydrogen gas) that have been separately heated so as to instantaneously form fine metal particles based on the gas phase reduction reaction thereof, and collecting the fine metal particles from the gas stream after the reaction.

Abstract: There is provided a culture method and a culture device for efficiently producing cells and/or cell tissue suitable for medication applications. The culture method may include a first step of adhering the cells onto the electrode layer and culturing the cells thereon. The electrode layer may be coated with an oligopeptide including a terminal amino acid, a cell adhesive sequence, and an alternating sequence to be bound to the one end side of the cell-adhesive sequence. The alternating sequence may include a plurality of acidic amino acids and a plurality of basic amino acids that are alternately bound to each other one by one. The culture method may include a second step of applying, to the electrode layer having the cells adhered thereonto, an electrical potential inducing reductive desorption of the oligopeptide, to thereby detach the cells from the electrode layer.

Abstract: A sapphire single crystal core having an r-axis direction, a length of 200 mm or more and a diameter of 150 mm or more and containing no air bubbles, and a method of producing the sapphire single crystal core, comprising the steps of: obtaining a sapphire ingot by growing a sapphire single crystal in an r-axis direction by the Czochralski method; and cutting out the core from the sapphire ingot, wherein when the shoulder part of the ingot was formed by the Czochralski method, the shoulder part forming speed is controlled to ensure that the length in the growth direction of an area where the angle with respect to the horizontal plane is 10 to 30° of the shoulder part becomes 10 mm or less.

Abstract: A light quantity adjustment apparatus includes a pair of substrates having a light-path aperture; a plurality of diaphragm blades disposed between the pair of substrates; a driving ring that opens and closes the plurality of diaphragm blades; and a driving device. The plurality of diaphragm blades is supported by the substrate via a first guide plate made of a resin film. The substrate and the first guide plate are provided with guide grooves fitted into protrusions formed in the plurality of diaphragm blades to guide the blades. Guide grooves of the substrate are formed of concave grooves. Guide grooves of the first guide plate are formed of through holes. The through holes of the first guide plate have a narrower width than the concave grooves of the substrate to engage in the protrusions of the diaphragm blades and to guide the diaphragm blades in the open and close direction.

Abstract: A light amount adjustment device including a motor which can be reduced in size by reducing radial and axial dimensions and makes it possible to increase the motor output. The device has a stator of a motor drive mechanism formed integrally with a holding member fixed to a cam member with aperture blades and a rotary member for driving them sandwiched therebetween. A stator includes a support portion, and first and second magnetic pole portions. The first and second magnetic pole portions extend toward an outer periphery of the rotor and coils are inserted thereon from respective extending ends. The extending ends are disposed in a manner opposed to the outer periphery of the rotor. The two portions are disposed with an angle therebetween such that respective lines extending in the extending directions intersect with each other.

Abstract: Provided are a culture method and a culture device for efficiently producing cells and/or cell tissue suitable for medication applications. A culture method of culturing cells adhered onto an electrode layer, the method including: a first step of adhering the cells onto the electrode layer and culturing the cells thereon, the electrode layer being coated with an oligopeptide including: a terminal amino acid; a cell adhesive sequence; and an alternating sequence to be bound to the one end side of the cell-adhesive sequence, the alternating sequence including a plurality of acidic amino acids and a plurality of basic amino acids, being alternately bound to each other one by one; and a second step of applying, to the electrode layer having the cells adhered thereonto, an electrical potential inducing reductive desorption of the oligopeptide, to thereby detach the cells from the electrode layer.

Abstract: This light quantity adjustment apparatus is provided with a pair of first and second boards each having, an exposure aperture, and a plurality of diaphragm blades supported between the pair of broads to be openable and closable to adjust a quantity of light passing through the exposure aperture, and each of the diaphragm blades is comprised of a blade substrate in which are formed a base end portion positioned outside the exposure aperture, and a blade portion that moves forward and backward with respect to the exposure aperture to form a diaphragm aperture, and an auxiliary substrate, having a joint surface to be joined to the base end portion, in which are formed a first shaft portion penetrating the base end portion from the joint surface, and a second shaft portion provided to stand on the side opposite to the joint surface.

Abstract: A light quantity adjustment apparatus includes a pair of substrates having a light-path aperture; a plurality of diaphragm blades disposed between the pair of substrates; a driving ring that opens and closes the plurality of diaphragm blades; and a driving device. The plurality of diaphragm blades is supported by the substrate via a first guide plate made of a resin film. The substrate and the first guide plate are provided with guide grooves fitted into protrusions formed in the plurality of diaphragm blades to guide the blades. Guide grooves of the substrate are formed of concave grooves. Guide grooves of the first guide plate are formed of through holes. The through holes of the first guide plate have a narrower width than the concave grooves of the substrate to engage in the protrusions of the diaphragm blades and to guide the diaphragm blades in the open and close direction.

Abstract: A light amount adjustment device including a motor which can be reduced in size by reducing radial and axial dimensions and makes it possible to increase the motor output. The device has a stator of a motor drive mechanism formed integrally with a holding member fixed to a cam member with aperture blades and a rotary member for driving them sandwiched therebetween. A stator includes a support portion, and first and second magnetic pole portions. The first and second magnetic pole portions extend toward an outer periphery of the rotor and coils are inserted thereon from respective extending ends. The extending ends are disposed in a manner opposed to the outer periphery of the rotor. The two portions are disposed with an angle therebetween such that respective lines extending in the extending directions intersect with each other.

Abstract: A single crystal of magnesium fluoride having a large diameter and excellent optical properties such as internal transmittance and long term laser durability, and suited for use as optical elements for exposing apparatus. The single crystal of magnesium fluoride is of a cylindrical shape having a straight body portion of a diameter of not smaller than 10 cm, has an internal transmittance of at least 85%/cm at 120 nm and at least 98%/cm at 193 nm and has, desirably, an induced absorption of not larger than 0.0030 absorption/cm at 255 nm and, particularly desirably, not larger than 0.0010 absorption/cm. at 255 nm immediately after the irradiation with 2 million shorts of an ArF excimer laser of an energy density of 30 mJ/cm2 and 2000 Hz. The invention further provides an optical element for optical lithography comprising the single crystal and an optical member for vacuum ultraviolet ray transmission comprising the single crystal.

Abstract: A micro-manipulator has a handling mechanism for gripping micro-material with two gripping fingers. The handling mechanism has a fixed finger with an end effecter for touching the micro-material, a movable finger with an end effecter capable of rotating around a rocking shaft for touching the micro-material, and an actuator for rotating the movable finger. The actuator drive moves the movable finger so as to be capable of touching a leading end of the movable finger end effecter to a leading end of the fixed finger end effecter. The micro-manipulator can securely and quickly grip a micro-material in a microscope visual field.

Abstract: A compact micro-manipulator with low energy consumption accurately and quickly positions a micro-material in a visual field of a microscope. A micro-manipulator operable to grip micro-material by bringing leading ends of the gripping fingers in close proximity includes an XY drive unit that drives a handling unit in X and Y directions, a drive unit that changes a positional direction of the handling unit in order to swing the gripping fingers around leading ends of the gripping fingers, and a Z drive unit that drives the handling unit in the Z direction.

Abstract: A micro-manipulator has grippers for gripping micro-material; an actuator for driving the grippers; a drive amount detection device for detecting a drive amount of the actuator; a power control device for controlling power supplied to the actuator so that a difference in a target drive amount of the input actuator and a drive amount detected by the drive amount detection device is small, after at least the grippers touch the micro-material; a gripping determination device for determining that grippers have gripped the micro-material based on the difference; and a resilience value calculation device for calculating a resilience value that represents a degree of softness of the micro-material by dividing the actuator drive force that is equivalent to the repulsive force of micro-material gripped by the grippers in proportion to power supplied to the actuator via the power control device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a BaLiF3 single crystal by a melt growth method, wherein a raw material melt for said single crystal comprising BaF2, LiF and MgF2 in such amounts that the Ba/(Ba+Li+Mg) ratio by mol is in the range of 0.35 to 0.48 and the Mg/(Li+Mg) ratio by mol is in the range of 0.001 to 0.03. In the case where a BaLiF3 single crystal that is useful as a last lens of immersion exposure tools for producing a semiconductor is produced by a melt growth method using, as a raw material, a melt containing excess Li, the Li component is liable to be precipitated to make the resulting BaLiF3 single crystal opaque, and the light transmittance is deteriorated, but such problems can be solved by the present invention.

Abstract: A micro-manipulator includes a gripping device having two gripping fingers for gripping a micro-material, and a gripping finger moving device for moving at least one of the gripping fingers of the gripping device. An exciting device vibrates the gripping fingers when the gripping fingers of the gripping device are opened to release the micro-material.

Abstract: A micro-manipulator has grippers for gripping micro-material; an actuator for driving the grippers; a drive amount detection device for detecting a drive amount of the actuator; a power control device for controlling power supplied to the actuator so that a difference in a target drive amount of the input actuator and a drive amount detected by the drive amount detection device is small, after at least the grippers touch the micro-material; a gripping determination device for determining that grippers have gripped the micro-material based on the difference; and a resilience value calculation device for calculating a resilience value that represents a degree of softness of the micro-material by dividing the actuator drive force that is equivalent to the repulsive force of micro-material gripped by the grippers in proportion to power supplied to the actuator via the power control device.

Abstract: A sheet post-processing apparatus includes a loading section for loading a sheet, and a punching device for punching the sheet loaded in the loading section at a punching position. A sheet bundle forming device is provided for forming a sheet bundle of the sheet punched by the punching device and a sheet not punched by the punching device. A binding device drives a staple into the sheet bundle at the punching position as a bound position to bind the sheet bundle.

Abstract: A sheet finishing apparatus includes a transfer device for transferring sheets having toner images, a sheet bundling device for bundling the sheets transferred from the transfer device, and a stapling device for driving a staple into the sheets at a stapling position where the toner images are formed to staple the sheets.