Abstract: A magnetic modulation motor includes an armature, a magnetic induction rotor, and a magnet rotor. The armature is provided with a multi-phase winding with m pole pairs. The magnetic induction rotor includes k magnetic paths. In the magnet rotor, 2n permanent magnets forming a polarity region with n pole pairs are separately and annularly placed. The armature, the magnet rotor, and the magnetic induction rotor are arranged in the order from a radially outer side to a radially inner side. In the magnetic induction rotor, the magnetic path has two ends projecting toward a magnetic flux entry and exit located at an outer diameter face of the magnetic induction rotor, and forms a magnetic flux path between the magnetic flux entry and exit. The magnet rotor includes magnetic flux penetration region magnetically penetrated by magnetic flux between each circumferentially adjacent two permanent magnets.

Abstract: A management apparatus connected to an image forming apparatus for managing usage of the image forming apparatus is disclosed. The management apparatus includes a user data storage part for storing user identification data and use restriction data corresponding to the user identification data, and a use restriction data acquiring part for acquiring the use restriction data corresponding to the user identification data.

Abstract: A management apparatus connected to an image forming apparatus for managing usage of the image forming apparatus is disclosed. The management apparatus includes a user data storage part for storing user identification data and use restriction data corresponding to the user identification data, and a use restriction data acquiring part for acquiring the use restriction data corresponding to the user identification data.

Abstract: In a double-stator motor has a rotary shaft, an annular rotor is coupled with a rotary shaft. First and second three-phase stators are arranged inside and outside to the rotor in the radial direction and formed to generate first and second rotating magnetic fields in response to three-phase currents, respectively. The rotor has an even number of segment poles made of soft magnetic material and arranged mutually separately at positions of the rotor. The positions are equally distanced apart from the rotary shaft in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction. Each of the first and second three-phase stators has magnetic poles which are the same in the number of poles as the segment poles and the magnetic poles are positioned such that magnetomotive forces from the magnetic poles are faced to each other between the magnetic poles of the first and second three-phase stators.

Abstract: An electric motor includes an armature core, a commutator including a plurality of commutator segments, a neck disposed between the armature core and the commutator, and a plurality of wires each connected between two adjacent commutator segments and wound around the armature core via the neck. The wires include a first wire connected between first two adjacent commutator segments and a second wire connected between second two adjacent commutator segments positioned opposite to the first two adjacent commutator segments with respect to the axis of the armature core. The first wire and the second wire extend along the neck such that they do not contact with each other.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus connected via a network with an authentication server for user authentication based on biometric information about a user. The image forming apparatus is also connected with a managing server for managing an operation of the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes a transmission unit transmitting the biometric information about the user to the authentication server, a reception unit receiving use limit information corresponding to the biometric information about the user from the managing server, and a control unit controlling the operation of the image forming apparatus based on the use limit information.

Abstract: An electric motor includes an armature core, a commutator including a plurality of commutator segments, a neck disposed between the armature core and the commutator, and a plurality of wires each connected between two adjacent commutator segments and wound around the armature core via the neck. The wires include a first wire connected between first two adjacent commutator segments and a second wire connected between second two adjacent commutator segments positioned opposite to the first two adjacent commutator segments with respect to the axis of the armature core. The first wire and the second wire extend along the neck such that they do not contact with each other.

Abstract: A disclosed managing apparatus and image forming apparatus management system ensure confidentiality of information in an image forming apparatus while usability is maintained. An image forming apparatus acquires IC card identifying information with an IC card reader. A management server acquires a user ID associated with the acquired IC card identifying information and use limit information concerning use of the image forming apparatus. A process is performed in the image forming apparatus in accordance with the use limit information.

Abstract: A management apparatus connected to an image forming apparatus for managing usage of the image forming apparatus is disclosed. The management apparatus includes a user data storage part for storing user identification data and use restriction data corresponding to the user identification data, and a use restriction data acquiring part for acquiring the use restriction data corresponding to the user identification data.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprising a rechargeable positive electrode, a rechargeable lithium-containing negative electrode, a separator allowing the positive electrode and negative electrode to be separated from each other, and organic electrolyte solution for connecting the positive electrode and negative electrode. The negative electrode includes a complex having a carbon molded article made of carbon fiber or carbon powder having an interfacial distance (d.sub.002) of 3.38 to 3.56 .ANG. as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis using silicon as standard material, wherein lithium have been absorbed into the carbon molded article beforehand. The above value of interfacial distance corresponds to 3.36 to 3.48 .ANG. as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis using no standard material.

Abstract: A process for production of high purity quarternary ammonium hydroxides, comprising electrolyzing quarternary ammonium hydrogencarbonates represented by the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein the symbols are as defined in the appended claims) in an electrolytic cell comprising an anode compartment and a cathode compartment defined by a cation exchange membrane. In accordance with this process, high purity quarternary ammonium hydroxides can be produced with high electrolytic efficiency and further without causing corrosion of equipment. Since the quarternary ammonium hydroxides produced by the present invention are of high purity, they can be effectively used as, for example, cleaners, etchants or developers for wafers in the production of IC and LSI in the field of electronics and semiconductors.