Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier configured to carry an image and a charger to which a direct current voltage overlapped with an AC voltage is applied as a charging bias to charge the image carrier. The charger is positioned in contact or contactlessly with the image carrier. The AC voltage applied to the charger in an adjustment of the AC voltage is not less than twice a charging start voltage Vth at which the image carrier starts to be charged.

Abstract: The inserter including a storing unit, a sheet-feeding unit; a conveyance unit; and a controller that determines for every sheet a conveying speed of the sheet to be discharged to the downstream side device by the conveyance unit, in which the controller determines: the conveying speed of the sheet, which was discharged from the image forming apparatus, when the sheet is discharged to the downstream side device by the conveyance unit, based on the conveying speed when the inserter receives the sheet discharged from the image forming apparatus; and a conveying speed of the insert-sheet, which was fed by the sheet-feeding unit, when the insert-sheet is discharged to the downstream side device by the conveyance unit, based on a conveying speed of one of a preceding sheet and a succeeding sheet, when one of the preceding sheet and the succeeding sheet is discharged to the downstream side device.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes: a light source that emits light rays; an aperture member that adjusts a diameter of the light rays; a deflector including a plurality of reflecting surfaces that deflect the light rays; a scanning optical system that guides a light ray, of the light rays incident on the deflector and deflected by the deflector so as to be subjected to scanning onto a to-be-scanned surface; and a synchronization detector that performs synchronization detection by using a light ray, of the light rays, reflected to the aperture from the deflector is provided.

Abstract: A bookbinding system includes an image forming apparatus and a bookbinding apparatus connected to the image forming apparatus. The bookbinding system includes an image forming unit to form an image on a recording sheet; a loading unit to load, as a bookblock stack, plural recording sheets on which images are formed; a bonding unit to form a booklet by bonding a cover with the bookblock stack; a setting unit to set a bookblock size, a cover size, and a finishing size; a cutting unit to cut the booklet bonded together with the cover into the finishing size; a stack thickness detection unit to detect a thickness of the bookblock stack; and a bookbinding permission/inhibition determination unit to determine permission/inhibition of a bookbinding operation based on a stack thickness detection result as well as the bookblock size, the cover size, and the finishing size set by the setting unit.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light source, a light-beam splitting unit, a deflector, and a scanning optical system. The light-beam splitting unit splits a light beam from the light source into a plurality of light beams, so that the light beams are each incident to any one of reflecting surfaces of the deflector while having a phase difference of approximately ?/2. The scanning optical system receives the light beams from the deflector and projects each of the light beams onto a corresponding target surface.

Abstract: The inserter including a storing unit, a sheet-feeding unit; a conveyance unit; and a controller that determines for every sheet a conveying speed of the sheet to be discharged to the downstream side device by the conveyance unit, in which the controller determines: the conveying speed of the sheet, which was discharged from the image forming apparatus, when the sheet is discharged to the downstream side device by the conveyance unit, based on the conveying speed when the inserter receives the sheet discharged from the image forming apparatus; and a conveying speed of the insert-sheet, which was fed by the sheet-feeding unit, when the insert-sheet is discharged to the downstream side device by the conveyance unit, based on a conveying speed of one of a preceding sheet and a succeeding sheet, when one of the preceding sheet and the succeeding sheet is discharged to the downstream side device.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser array includes a plurality of surface-emitting laser devices arranged in an array. An optical system includes a plurality of optical devices to guide a light beam composed of lights emitted from the surface-emitting laser array to a target surface to be scanned. A light-intensity-control-device switching unit places one of light-intensity control devices having different light transmittances at a predetermined position in an optical path of the light beam.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an electrostatic chuck, the method includes: a step of providing an electrostatic chucking portion including an electrode to which a voltage is applied and a film-like insulating layer covering the electrode; a step of bonding an elastomer layer onto the electrostatic chucking portion; a step of bonding a metal base onto the elastomer layer such that recess portions formed on a surface of the metal base face the elastomer layer.

Abstract: A binding apparatus which can meet user requests and adapt to usage conditions by a user. An adhesive is heated and melted, and then applied to a sheet bundle to bind the sheet bundle. One of the following modes is selected: a first adhesive temperature adjusting mode in which the adhesive is heated when power supply to the bookbinding apparatus is turned on, and a second adhesive temperature adjusting mode in which the adhesive is heated when binding of the sheet bundle is started.

Abstract: A light scanning device scanning a plurality of scanned faces by a light beam, includes a light source unit emitting a plurality of light beams including a first light beam and a second light beam having different polarization directions to each other; a beam splitter splitting each of the first light beam and the second light beam emitted from the light source unit; an incident optical system allowing each of split first light beams to be incident with an a angular difference to each other, and allowing each of split second light beams to be incident with an angular difference to each other; a deflector respectively deflecting each of the split first light beams and each of the split second light beams entered from the incident optical system; and a scanning optical system, including a polarization splitting device for splitting a plurality of the light beams deflected by the deflector based on a difference in a polarization direction, individually focusing each of the plurality of the light beams split by t

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, which comprises a toner density detection device for detecting the density of a toner inside a developing device, acquires the number of pixels from inputted image information, calculates the toner replenishment amount from the toner density detection value and the information on the pixels, and thereby performs replenishment control so that excessive replenishment or insufficient replenishment of the toner is not caused. The upper limit value of the amount of toner to be replenished at once to the developing device is changed in accordance with the amount of information on an input image such as the image area, pixels of the input image.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a light source, a deflector, and an image-forming optical system. The deflector includes a deflecting surface for deflecting light beams in a main scanning direction. The image-forming optical system includes two relay lenses having a positive power in the main scanning direction. The relay lenses cause main light beams of light beams emitted from the light source to cross near the deflecting surface in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: A sheet conveying system which is capable of preventing a jammed sheet from being mixed with processed sheets, reducing waste in sheets and toners, and further alleviating the user's operations, when jamming has occurred during passing of a sheet between respective sheet conveying devices of upstream and downstream apparatuses. A puncher control section of a puncher as an upstream apparatus of the system issues a passing completion notification as to the passing of a sheet to a staple stacker control section of a staple stacker as a downstream apparatus of the system. Upon reception of the notification, when the staple stacker control section determines that the parameter of auxiliary information of the notification indicates an abnormal discharge of the sheet from the puncher, the staple stacker stops the conveyance of the sheet.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a coupling optical system, a light source including a plurality of light emitting units for emitting light beams, and a deflector including a deflecting surface for deflecting the light beams. The coupling optical system is arranged on an optical path between the light source and the deflector so that the light beams enter the deflector at an angle with respect to a normal direction of the deflecting surface in a sub-scanning direction. The light emitting units are arranged two-dimensionally, and a distance between two light emitting units at opposite ends in a main scanning direction is smaller than a distance between two light emitting units at opposite ends in the sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an imaging apparatus includes an imaging unit, a focusing quantity calculating unit, a detail compensation amount calculating unit, and a detail adding unit. The focusing quantity calculating unit calculates a focusing quantity for every position in the subject image from a detail component. The compensation amount calculating unit calculates the detail compensation amount from the focusing quantity. The detail adding unit adds the detail component, which is compensated according to the detail compensation amount, to a low-frequency component of the image data.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck includes a metal base member and an insulating substrate having an opposite surface to an attraction surface joined onto the base member via an adhesive layer. In the substrate, an electrode layer to which a direct current voltage for attraction is applied is embedded in a portion of the substrate, close to the attraction surface. In addition, a plurality of independent RF electrode layers to which different radio frequencies for plasma control are fed, respectively, are embedded in portions of the substrate, at an opposite side of the first electrode layer to the attraction surface. The RF electrode layers are arranged separately in different layers which are not on an identical plane in such a manner as to partially overlap each other in a plan view.

Abstract: An image forming system comprises a selection unit for selecting a post-processing apparatus that executes post-processing to a recording medium on which an image is formed from among a plurality of post-processing apparatuses, and a selection limitation unit for determining an insertion apparatus whose supply of the insertion medium to be limited for a selected post-processing apparatus and limiting selection of the insertion apparatus.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a coupling optical system, a light source including a plurality of light emitting units for emitting light beams, and a deflector including a deflecting surface for deflecting the light beams. The coupling optical system is arranged on an optical path between the light source and the deflector so that the light beams enter the deflector at an angle with respect to a normal direction of the deflecting surface in a sub-scanning direction. The light emitting units are arranged two-dimensionally, and a distance between two light emitting units at opposite ends in a main scanning direction is smaller than a distance between two light emitting units at opposite ends in the sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: An image-heating device has a detector for detecting the state of a recording medium at a position between a first fixing unit and a second fixing unit along a conveying path of the recording medium and a controller for controlling a fixing condition of the second fixing unit on the basis of the information obtained by the detector.

Abstract: A sheet conveying system which is capable of preventing a jammed sheet from being mixed with processed sheets, reducing waste in sheets and toners, and further alleviating the user's operations, when jamming has occurred during passing of a sheet between respective sheet conveying devices of upstream and downstream apparatuses. A puncher control section of a puncher as an upstream apparatus of the system issues a passing completion notification as to the passing of a sheet to a staple stacker control section of a staple stacker as a downstream apparatus of the system. Upon reception of the notification, when the staple stacker control section determines that the parameter of auxiliary information of the notification indicates an abnormal discharge of the sheet from the puncher, the staple stacker stops the conveyance of the sheet.