Abstract: The present disclosure provides a vehicle back door inner panel containing synthetic resin as a constituent material. The inner panel includes an opening, an upper portion, a skirt portion, and two side portions. The opening is provided with a back window. The upper portion is closer to a vehicle top than the opening, extending in a vehicle width direction. The upper portion is provided with two door hinge portions at left and right ends. The skirt portion is closer to a vehicle bottom than the opening. The skirt portion is provided with a latch attachment portion at a lower end. The side portions are on left and right sides of the opening, extending in a vehicle top-bottom direction. The side portions connect the upper portion and the side portions. The side portions have a hat-shaped cross section open toward a rear side of the vehicle. The skirt portion has two connecting portions each having a hat-shaped cross section open toward the rear side of the vehicle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder block including a bulkhead formed so as to separate adjacent cylinders; a crankshaft including a counterweight; and a gas-vent hole which is formed in the bulkhead within a radius of rotation of the counterweight when seen from below a piston bottom-dead-center position and an axial direction of the crankshaft, and which communicates between the adjacent cylinders. The counterweight includes at least one of a concave portion and a through-hole formed at at least a part of a region of the counterweight opposed to the gas-vent hole during rotation of the crankshaft. The concave portion hollows in a direction away from the gas-vent hole, the through-hole penetrating through the counterweight in a direction away from the gas-vent hole.

Abstract: A toner includes toner base particles each including a toner base particle and an external additive. The toner base particle includes a fluorescent pigment and a binder resin. The external additive is fixed on a surface of the toner base particle. The content of the fluorescent pigment in the toner base particle is equal to or greater than 0.3 weight percent and equal to or smaller than 3.0 weight percent. A ratio of a particle size distribution on a number basis of the toner particles to a particle size distribution on a volume basis of the toner particles is equal to or greater than 0.66 and equal to or smaller than 1.00.

Abstract: An automotive part includes a substrate and a cured layer bonded to the substrate, and the cured layer comprises a cured product of a curable composition containing: (A) an epoxy compound containing (A1) a first epoxy compound having at least two alicyclic epoxy groups and (A2) a second epoxy compound represented by the following formula (3): wherein s denotes an integer of not less than 2, R2 represents a s-valent straight-chain or branched-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a s-valent group in which two or more straight-chain or branched-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups are coupled through ether bond(s); and (C) a leveling agent.

Abstract: Manufacturing costs of a resin back door are reduced. After an adhesive is applied to an inner panel, the inner panel and outer panels are placed on top of each other, and relative positions between the outer panel and the inner panel are held by pressing an upper surface portion (first area) of the outer panel in a vehicle body vertical direction by using pressing members (first jigs) and pressing a spoiler (second area) of the outer panel in a vehicle body front-back direction by using pressing members (second jigs). Thereafter, the second jigs are removed from the outer panel, and the inner panel and the outer panel are heated while the upper surface portion of the outer panel is being pressed by the first jigs, thereby curing the adhesive.

Abstract: Takt time to manufacture a panel component by bonding an inner panel made from resin and an outer panel made from resin is shortened. A method for manufacturing a resin panel component of a vehicle body includes the steps of: applying an adhesive to an inner panel; placing the inner panel and outer panels on top of each other and holding bonding areas of the inner panel and the outer panels while the holding bonding areas are being pressed by jigs only on a side of the outer panels without being supported on the inner panel side; and curing the adhesive interposed between the inner panel and the outer panels.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: three or more cylinders including cylinders A, B and C according to the present disclosure arranged in a row in the cylinder row direction; and a balancer device for reducing engine vibration. The balancer device includes a balancer shaft arranged so as to extend from the cylinder A to the cylinder C along the cylinder row direction in a crank chamber. The balancer shaft includes: a first opening formed on the outer surface of the balancer shaft at a first location associated with the cylinder A in the cylinder row direction; a second opening formed on the outer surface at a second location associated with the cylinder C in the cylinder row direction; and a communication passage formed inside the balancer shaft so as to connect the first opening with the second opening.

Abstract: A sliding member includes: a metal substrate; an undercoat primer layer that is formed on a sliding surface of the metal substrate; and a resin layer that is formed on the undercoat primer layer, in which the resin layer is formed by curing a composition layer containing a bifunctional alicyclic epoxy and a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder block including a bulkhead formed so as to separate adjacent cylinders; a crankshaft including a counterweight; and a gas-vent hole which is formed in the bulkhead within a radius of rotation of the counterweight when seen from below a piston bottom-dead-center position and an axial direction of the crankshaft, and which communicates between the adjacent cylinders. The counterweight includes at least one of a concave portion and a through-hole formed at at least a part of a region of the counterweight opposed to the gas-vent hole during rotation of the crankshaft. The concave portion hollows in a direction away from the gas-vent hole, the through-hole penetrating through the counterweight in a direction away from the gas-vent hole.

Abstract: A toner includes toner base particles each including a toner base particle and an external additive. The toner base particle includes a fluorescent pigment and a binder resin. The external additive is fixed on a surface of the toner base particle. The content of the fluorescent pigment in the toner base particle is equal to or greater than 0.3 weight percent and equal to or smaller than 3.0 weight percent. A ratio of a particle size distribution on a number basis of the toner particles to a particle size distribution on a volume basis of the toner particles is equal to or greater than 0.66 and equal to or smaller than 1.00.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: three or more cylinders including cylinders A, B and C according to the present disclosure arranged in a row in the cylinder row direction; and a balancer device for reducing engine vibration. The balancer device includes a balancer shaft arranged so as to extend from the cylinder A to the cylinder C along the cylinder row direction in a crank chamber. The balancer shaft includes: a first opening formed on the outer surface of the balancer shaft at a first location associated with the cylinder A in the cylinder row direction; a second opening formed on the outer surface at a second location associated with the cylinder C in the cylinder row direction; and a communication passage formed inside the balancer shaft so as to connect the first opening with the second opening.

Abstract: [Technical Problem] An object is to provide a sliding system which can achieve both the reduced friction and the enhanced wear resistance by means of a novel combination of a sliding film and a lubricant oil. [Solution to Problem] The sliding system of the present invention comprises: a pair of sliding members having sliding surfaces that can relatively move while facing each other; and a lubricant oil interposed between the sliding surfaces facing each other. At least one of the sliding surfaces comprises a coating surface of a crystalline chromium carbide film. The lubricant oil contains an oil-soluble molybdenum compound that has a chemical structure of a trinuclear of Mo. When the chromium carbide film as a whole is 100 at %, the chromium carbide film contains 40-75 at % of Cr.

Abstract: An engine device of including: an intake manifold configured to supply air into a cylinder; a gas injector configured to mix fuel gas with air supplied from the intake manifold, and supply mixed gas to the cylinder; an igniter configured to ignite, in the cylinder, premixed fuel obtained by pre-mixing the fuel gas with the air; and a control unit configured to execute a combustion control of a premixed fuel based on the output signal indicative of an output from the engine device. When the air amount is determined to be insufficient and when the output signal is lost, the control unit estimates an output signal based on the fuel gas injection amount from the gas injector, and executes the combustion control based on the estimated output signal.

Abstract: An engine device including an intake manifold (67) configured to supply air into a cylinder (36), a gas injector (98) configured to mix fuel gas with air supplied from the intake manifold (67), and supply mixed gas to the cylinder (36), and an igniter (79) configured to ignite, in the cylinder (36) premixed fuel obtained by pre-mixing the fuel gas with the air, the engine device further including a controlling unit (73) configured to determine an air amount in the premixed fuel in the cylinder (36). The controlling unit (73) performs in multiple steps retard control of ignition timing by the igniter (79), when the air amount is insufficient, and performs in multiple steps advance control of the ignition timing, when the air amount is sufficient.

Abstract: An engine device including: an intake manifold (67) configured to supply air into a cylinder (77); a gas injector (98) configured to mix fuel gas with air supplied from the intake manifold (67), and supply mixed gas to the cylinder (77); an igniter (79) configured to ignite, in the cylinder (77), premixed fuel obtained by pre-mixing the fuel gas with the air; and a control unit (73) configured to execute a combustion control of a premixed fuel based on the output signal indicative of an output from the engine device. When the air amount is determined to be insufficient and when the output signal is lost, the control unit (73) estimates an output signal based on the fuel gas injection amount from the gas injector (98), and executes the combustion control based on the estimated output signal.

Abstract: An engine device including an intake manifold (67) configured to supply air into a cylinder (36) a gas injector (98) configured to mix fuel gas with air supplied from the intake manifold (67) and supply mixed gas to the cylinder (36) and an igniter (79) configured to ignite, in the cylinder (36) premixed fuel obtained by pre-mixing the fuel gas with the air, the engine device further including a controlling unit (73) configured to determine an air amount in the premixed fuel in the cylinder (36) The controlling unit (73) performs in multiple steps retard control of ignition timing by the igniter (79), when the air amount is insufficient, and performs in multiple steps advance control of the ignition timing, when the air amount is.

Abstract: A sliding machine includes: a pair of sliding members having sliding surfaces that oppose each other and are able to move relative to each other; and a lubricating oil which is able to be interposed between the opposed sliding surfaces, in which at least one of the sliding surfaces is covered with a chromium (Cr)-containing amorphous carbon film (chromium-coating DLC), and the lubricating oil contains an oil-soluble molybdenum compound having a chemical structure formed from a trinuclear material of molybdenum (Mo). Specifically, the chromium-coating DLC contains, when the entirety of the film is assumed to be 100 at. %, 1% to 49% of Cr, 0% to 30% of hydrogen (H), carbon (C) as a remainder, and impurities. The lubricating oil contains 5 ppm to 800 ppm of the oil-soluble molybdenum compound in terms of Mo mass ratio with respect to the entirety of the lubricating oil.

Abstract: [Technical Problem] An object is to provide a sliding system which can drastically reduce the friction coefficient on a sliding portion by means of a novel combination of a chromium nitride film and a lubricant oil. [Solution to Problem] The sliding system according to the present invention includes: a pair of sliding members having sliding surfaces that can relatively move while facing each other; and a lubricant oil that can be interposed between the sliding surfaces facing each other. At least one of the sliding surfaces is formed as a coating surface of a chromium nitride film, and the lubricant oil contains an oil-soluble molybdenum compound that has a chemical structure of a trinuclear of Mo.

Abstract: [Technical Problem] An object is to provide a sliding system which can achieve both the reduced friction and the enhanced wear resistance by means of a novel combination of a sliding film and a lubricant oil. [Solution to Problem] The sliding system of the present invention comprises: a pair of sliding members having sliding surfaces that can relatively move while facing each other; and a lubricant oil interposed between the sliding surfaces facing each other. At least one of the sliding surfaces comprises a coating surface of a crystalline chromium carbide film. The lubricant oil contains an oil-soluble molybdenum compound that has a chemical structure of a trinuclear of Mo. When the chromium carbide film as a whole is 100 at %, the chromium carbide film contains 40-75 at % of Cr.

Abstract: An automotive part comprises a substrate and a heat-resistant layer. The heat-resistant layer contains a first layer on a surface of the substrate and a second layer on the first layer. The first layer contains a polyamideimide resin. The second layer contains a cured product of (A) a curable liquid composition containing an alicyclic epoxy compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 to R18 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroperoxy group, an amino group, a sulfo group, or an organic group, and X represents a direct bond or a linkage group.