Abstract: A method for coating a running support with a coating solution, such as in the production of a magnetic recording medium, in which spreading of the coating solution into edge portions of the support not intended to be coated with the coating solution is prevented, hence providing a coating layer uniform in thickness and with good surface characteristics. Immediately before application of the coating solution to the support, a solvent is applied to regions of the support which are not to be coated with the coating solution and which are located on both sides of the coating region to be coated with the coating solution. In accordance with the invention, the solubility parameter of the solvent is made different from that of a solvent contained in the coating solution by at least 1.2 at a temperature of 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for measuring the thickness of a multi-layer magnetic recording medium which provides a high accuracy and which can be used for continuous on-line monitoring of product thickness. First, first and second magnetic layers are simultaneously coated onto a running nonmagnetic support to form the recording medium. The first and second magnetic layers are made of materials having different responses to fluorescent X-rays. Then, the thickness of at least one of said first and second layers is measured by exposing the recording medium to fluorescent X-rays.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously forming a plurality of organic-solvent-based magnetic layers on a moving support for the manufacture of a magnetic recording medium or the like. The surface tension of a solvent used to form the uppermost of the layers is made lower than that of the other layers. The most preferred range of the surface tension of the solvent which forms the uppermost layer is in a range of 0.1 to 3 dynes.

Abstract: An extrusion type coating head having a back edge, and two doctor edges arranged along the direction of a moving web with slots therebetween for coating solutions to be applied to the web. Both of the doctor edges are convex toward the web.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a magnetic liquid to a moving web by using an extruder head for ejecting the magnetic liquid onto the web. A by-pass line for returning the liquid to a feed source through a changeover valve is provided immediately upstream to the extruder head. The liquid is supplied to the by-pass line through the valve after the extruder head is filled with the liquid before the first starting of the application or the resumption thereof. The position of the valve is shifted at the time of the first starting of the application or the resumption thereof so as to supply the liquid to the head to perform the application.

Abstract: A vibration damper for use with an apparatus for applying liquid to both sides of a running web and then drying the web with an air drier. Vibrations induced by the air drier are damped by uniformly blowing air on both sides of the running web between the drier and the liquid application heads. Preferably, the gas ejection surfaces are stepped or tapered so allow larger vibration near the drier but to reduce the allowed vibration nearer the liquid application heads.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic support, a first magnetic recording layer and a second magnetic recording layer, superposed in order, wherein:a coercive force of the second magnetic recording layer is in the range of 400 to 2,000 Oe, a ratio of said coercive force to a coercive force of the first magnetic recording layer being in the range of 1.0 to 2.5;a mean longitudinal length of a magnetic powder contained in the second magnetic recording layer is not longer than 0.35 .mu.m, a ratio of said mean longitudinal length to a mean longitudinal length of a magnetic powder contained in the first magnetic recording layer being in the range of 0.4 to 1.0;anda mixed area of compositions of the first magnetic recording layer and the second magnetic recording layer which has a thickness of 0.1 to 1.1 .mu.m is provided between the first and second magnetic recording layers.

Abstract: A vibration damper for use with an apparatus for applying liquid to both sides of a running web and then drying the web with an air drier. Vibrations induced by the air drier are damped by uniformly blowing air on both sides of the running web between the drier and the liquid application heads. Preferably, the gas ejection surfaces are stepped or tapered so allow larger vibrations near the drier but to reduce the allowed vibration nearer the liquid application heads.

Abstract: A coating method and apparatus using an extrusion head to apply a liquid film to a running web. The thickness of the film is measured at two transverse points and a roller conveying the web is tilted to correct any difference. The amount of tilt per roller with a roller bearing span of 750 mm is 0.5 to 20 mm, preferably 0.5 to 15 mm.

Abstract: A dual-coating method for use with a magnetic tape. A first coating solution is applied to a travelling support in an amount not exceeding 60 ml/m.sup.2. Within 5 seconds, a extrusion head pressed against the unsupported but tensioned moving support applies a second coating solution in an amount not exceeding 50 ml/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a magnetic liquid to a moving web by using an extruder head for ejecting the magnetic liquid onto the web. A by-pass line for returning the liquid to a feed source through a changeover valve is provided immediately upstream to the extruder head. The liquid is supplied to the by-pass line through the valve after the extruder head is filled with the liquid before the first starting of the application or the resumption thereof. The position of the valve is shifted at the time of the first starting of the application or the resumption thereof so as to supply the liquid to the head to perform the application.

Abstract: A method of applying a liquid to a moving web while pushing an extrusion application head to the moving web without supporting the moving web on the reverse side thereof. The application is performed while the accumulation of the liquid to be applied to the moving web is maintained by (a) the moving web and (b) an edge of the back blade of the extrusion application head, the edge being defined by the intersection of (1) a first surface of the back blade which faces the front blade and which is nearest the web, and (2) a second surface of the back blade which is more remote from the front blade than the first surface and, wherein the pressure of the liquid of the accumulation located between the web and the outlet portion of the slit of the extrusion application head is set within a range from 0.2 kg/cm.sup.2 gauge to 0.8 kg/cm.sup.2 gauge per 50 cm of width of applied liquid.

Abstract: A process for forming color images which comprises image-wise exposing a silver halide photographic material, subjecting the exposed photographic material to color development and then fixing the developed material with a fixing bath having a pH of at least 6, the process being free from a silver bleaching (elimination) step. The process is especially suitable for application to radiographic materials.