Abstract: An object of the present invention is to enable prevention of aging and extension of lifespan of a human or non-human organism by a method other than calorie restriction and administration of metformin. It is possible to prevent aging and extend the lifespan of a human or non-human organism by administering an agent comprising A) a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. In addition, it is possible to prevent aging and extend the lifespan of a human or non-human organism by combining A) a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor and B) hypoxanthine, or a compound that is capable of being converted to hypoxanthine in body, by administering these simultaneously or administering these as a combination drug or a kit formulation.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a substance having an effect of increasing intracellular ATP and, particular, a potent ATP enhancer far surpassing the increasing effect of inosine alone or a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor alone. A human or animal intracellular ATP enhancer comprising a combination of A) and B): A) a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor; and B) hypoxanthine, or a compound capable of being converted to hypoxanthine in the body.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a substance having an effect of increasing intracellular ATP and, particularly, a potent ATP enhancer far surpassing the increasing effect of inosine or febuxostat alone. A human or animal intracellular ATP enhancer comprising a combination of A) and B): A) a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and B) any one or more compounds selected from inosine, inosinic acid, hypoxanthine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a substance having an effect of increasing intracellular ATP and, particular, a potent ATP enhancer far surpassing the increasing effect of inosine alone or a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor alone. A human or animal intracellular ATP enhancer comprising a combination of A) and B): A) a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor; and B) hypoxanthine, or a compound capable of being converted to hypoxanthine in the body.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a substance having an effect of increasing intracellular ATP and, particularly, a potent ATP enhancer far surpassing the increasing effect of inosine or febuxostat alone. A human or animal intracellular ATP enhancer comprising a combination of A) and B): A) a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and B) any one or more compounds selected from inosine, inosinic acid, hypoxanthine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a technique in which an individual, without electronically connecting to the information stored in a computer of a medical institution, can safely input his clinical test data into his smartphone or wearable terminal by a method other than the manual input, and store the data as digital data. The present invention includes a system that allows conversion of the clinical test data into a barcode within the computer of the medical institution, output of the barcode on a paper, and handing over the paper to the medical examinee, and a system that allows the medical examinee to import the clinical test data by himself in the smartphone or the wearable terminal from the barcode.

Abstract: A liquid leakage detection system requiring no power supply from an outer source and configured to be relatively simple and moderate in price. A liquid leakage detection system (10) including an infusion tube (11), a syringe needle (12) coupled to the infusion tube (11), an absorbent element (16) adapted to be placed in the vicinity of a point (12a) of the syringe needle (12) to be pricked through a patient skin and a sensor unit (14) located on an upper side or within the absorbent element (16).

Abstract: A liquid leakage detection system requiring no power supply from an outer source and configured to be relatively simple and moderate in price. A liquid leakage detection system (10) including an infusion tube (11), a syringe needle (12) coupled to the infusion tube (11), an absorbent element (16) adapted to be placed in the vicinity of a point (12a) of the syringe needle (12) to be pricked through a patient skin and a sensor unit (14) located on an upper side or within the absorbent element (16).

Abstract: Problems: Provided are a test method of determining an effective dose of methotrexate in each patient and a method for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Means to Solve the Problems: There is obtained a test method of an A1298C polymorphism in MTHFR gene in a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, the method being used for the determination of the effective dose of methotrexate in each patient, whereby a method for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in each patient is also obtained.

Abstract: Evaluation methods for evaluating susceptibility to multifactorial diseases in sexual differentiation disorders, human estrogen receptor alpha (?) genes carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the multifactorial diseases, DNAs containing the nucleotides at the SNPs, and diagnostic markers containing the DNAs are provided. Susceptibility to the multifactorial diseases can be evaluated by examining at least one of SNPs 8 to 14, or SNPs 10 to 14, in a human estrogen receptor ? gene, and more precisely evaluated by examining a diplotype encompassing SNPs 10 to 14.

Abstract: Evaluation methods for evaluating susceptibility to multifactorial diseases in sexual differentiation disorders, human estrogen receptor alpha (?) genes carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the multifactorial diseases, DNAs containing the nucleotides at the SNPs, and diagnostic markers containing the DNAs are provided. Susceptibility to the multifactorial diseases can be evaluated by examining at least one of SNPs 8 to 14, or SNPs 10 to 14, in a human estrogen receptor ? gene, and more precisely evaluated by examining a diplotype encompassing SNPs 10 to 14.

Abstract: A method of estimating, in addition to haplotype frequencies and diplotype configurations, a means and a standard deviation determining a distribution of a quantitative phenotype by the diplotype on the basis of data on observed genotypes and phenotype data taking a continuous value.

Abstract: Multi-dimensional scaling is used to solve characteristic polynomials of similarity matrixes, in order to determine a minimal-number SNP set (htSNPs (haplotype-tagging SNPS)) for identifying an arbitrary number of haplotypes in blocks with strong linkage disequilibrium. Thus, unnecessary SNP typing in blocks with strong linkage disequilibrium can be avoided.

Abstract: An EM algorithm and a graph structure are combined so that all haplotype information to be assumed is kept, thus changing a problem into one for searching for a complete graph having a maximum score for haplotype estimation.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a technique relating to a method of specifying an SNP which comprises repeating presumption of an SNP serving as a marker and detailed typing of SNPs around the same, thus gradually narrowing down the focus to the base sequence domain in which the ‘target’ SNP is likely contained and finally specifying the ‘target’ SNP at a high efficiency. As FIG. 1 shows, the method of specifying an SNP comprises: (1) determining a drug to be developed which is the subject of the determination; (2) collecting samples to be analyzed; (3) determining a ‘scanning domain (base sequence domain)’; (4) determining ‘typing’ SNPs; (5) SNP typing by the wet process and analyzing haplotypes based on the typing data; (6) presuming a ‘marker’ SNP (determining the analytical data); and (7) specifying the ‘target’ SNP (target SNP). A cycle consisting of the stage (1) to (7) is repeated as a treatment cycle.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously estimating a diplotype-based penetrance as well as haplotype frequencies and diplotype configurations on the basis of observed genotype and phenotype data. The method includes a step a of calculating, on the basis of genotype data and phenotype data with haplotype frequencies and penetrance used as parameters, the maximum likelihood (L0max) obtained by maximizing likelihood under the hypothesis that there is no association between predetermined diplotype configurations and a predetermined phenotype, the maximum likelihood estimates of haplotype frequencies and penetrances, the maximum likelihood (Lmax) obtained by maximizing likelihood under the hypothesis that there is an association between the predetermined diplotype configurations and the predetermined phenotype; and a step b of calculating the penetrance from the maximum likelihood estimate obtained in said step a.

Abstract: The correlation between the diplotype configuration of the NAT2 gene and the adverse effect of SASP in RA patients was assessed. It was discovered that the incidence rate of adverse effects was higher in the patients having no wild type haplotype who were treated with SASP. Thus, the risk of adverse effects of SASP for each individual can be evaluated by determining the diplotype configuration at the NAT2 gene for each subject in terms of the presence of the wild type haplotype.